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Jan 3, 1348
Black Death
1348-1351
The black death was a desease that killed one third of europes population and caused some serious damage economically. -
Jan 1, 1350
Renaissance
1350-1550
The Renaissance era was known as the Rebirth of Europe. Starting in Italy in the 14th century it latered emerged to the rest of Europe causing a cultral movement in Literature, Art, -
Jan 3, 1415
Council of Constance burns Hus and ends Great Schism
1415-17
Jan Hus opposed the church and went agasint the ideas of church such as the bible only being in one language. The church burned him at the stake for him since he commited the most deadliest sin. He ended the "civil authority" of the Great Schism by dying. -
Jan 1, 1450
Exploration
1450-1600
the exploration era lead Europe in the new world where they spreaded their ideas and conquered new tribes and goods. This era also lead into countries going to war over who owns what -
Jan 4, 1453
Fall of Constantinople; end of Hundred Years' War
The Fall of Constantinople was the end of the Byzantine empire that the ottoman empire was trying to take over and did. The hundred years' war ended with French victory over the English at Castillon in 1453 -
Jan 4, 1455
Invention of Printing Press
With the invention of the printing press, letters and news were able to travel much faster and more became to be documented. -
Jan 4, 1492
Columbus encounters America; completion of reconquista in Spain
Columbus shipped out of Europe in hopes of finding a shorter route to India for tradding purposes but he ended up landing in the america's where he thought he was in India. -
Jan 1, 1500
Protestant and Catholic Reformations
Sixteenth Century
The Protestant and Catholic Reformation caused a drastic change religiously, politically, intellectually, and culturally to Europe's religious views. Thanks to the changes that occurred minor religions such Lutherism and Calvinism emerged into Europe. -
Jan 1, 1500
Price Revolution
Sixteenth Century
The columbian Exchange led Europe into a whole new direction with trade routes through out Africa and the new world. Also, importing Gold and Silver from the new world created an inflation of prices across all of Europe. -
Jan 1, 1500
Early Modern Society
1500-1700
This time period is significant as it included the end of the Renaissance, the explorations which lead to colonization across the world, and Religious wars settling conflicts across Europe. -
Jan 4, 1517
Luther posts 95 theses
Martin Luther oppossed many different religions as they did not reach his beliefs on how a religion works. He got frusterated and created his 95 Theses where it explains how a religion should work and how to function. -
Jan 4, 1519
Cortez conquers Aztecs
In 1519 Hernan Cortez landed in Veracruz from Spain. New diseases were introduced to the Aztecs from Europe such as small pox and within 4 months the Aztec empire fell due to death from diseases leading to the conquering. -
Jan 1, 1520
Religious Wars
1520s-1650
Kinp Philip II of Spain wanted to defeat the Ottoman Turks in Eastern Mediterranean while making Spain the country with the most power in Europe and spread Catholicism. France experinced a religious civil war between Huguenots and Catholics. Also the 30 years war between the Catholic League and Protestant Union. -
Jan 4, 1534
Act of Supremacy in England creates Anglican Church
The Act of Supremacy was created by King Henry VIII after his wife Catherine was not able to bare a child to him. At the time the catholic church did not approve of the divorce he seeked so the act of supremacy made Henry the leader of the Church where he came up with the Anglican church. -
Jan 4, 1536
Calvin establishes reformed faith in Geneva
In 1536 John Calvin started preching Cavinism to the land of Geneva where it eventually became the primary religion and continued through out the years. -
Jan 3, 1543
Scientific Revolution
1543-1687
The Scientific Revolution lead Europe into a new direction from being religiously blind to seeing how the world works. This caused some great problems as it was not ok to go against religion but slowly science was becoming more accepted. -
Jan 4, 1543
Copernicus publishes Heliocentric theory
In 1543, Copernicus published his heliocentric theory but since the theory went agaisnt the church norms of the Earth being the center of the universe, he had to prove his facts. His theory talked about the sun being the center of the universe and everything revolved around the sun. -
Jan 4, 1545
Council of Trent opens
The council or trent was created during the catholic reformation and reassured the seven commendants. The council of Trent was the catholics church most important Ecumenical councils. -
Jan 3, 1550
Dutch Commercial Dominance
1550-1650
Amsterdam became Europe's leading financial center also containing the Amsterdam Exchange Bank which was known as the safest bank in europe. The Dutch East Indies Company and Shipbuilding helped the Dutch a lot in their economical success. -
Jan 3, 1550
Age of Crisis
1550-1650
this is a period of bad luck where famines occurred, taxes were raised, religious wars, and rebellions occured in Europe. -
Jan 4, 1555
Peace of Augsburg ends religious war in Germany; Charles V abdicates
The Peace of Westphalia ended the religious civil war betweens Catholics and Lutherans occurring in Germany. -
Jan 3, 1580
Witchcraft scare
1580-1680
During this period it was lead to believe that certain "defects" of women such as not being married after 30 and/or working with herbs created them to be witches which in conclusion caused many innocent women to be killed or excluded from society -
Defeat of Spanish Armada
Spain sent the Spanish Armada to the english cannel in hopes of taking over for army purposes but ended up getting defeated as the Spanarids lost most of their supplies and had to return. -
Edict of Nantes ends French religious wars
The Edict of Nantes granted Hugeonots Religious freedoms and civil rights whic also ended the relgious wars going on in France since 1562 -
Baroque Art
1600-1750
An art style that happened around the time of the council of trent as they wanted painters to symbolize religious views of Catholicism. -
Commercial Revolution
1600-1799
Commercial Revoltution was the period before the Industrial revolution that set the basic tracks of the goods being traded around the world. -
Dutch East India Company founded
To protect their trading routes in the Indian ocean, the Dutch founded the Dutch East India Company which brought great fortune to the Dutch -
Conflict between Parliament and King in England
1603-1689
King Charles presented himself with more power which lead to the civil war between Parliament and him. The civil war was declared over when King Charles was beheaded and the country became a republic. -
Stuart monarchy begins in England
Mary queen of Scots started off the Stuart monarchy in England. The monarchy endured some difficultes as one Charles the first was beheaded and England was not a monarchy but his son came and took the crown back. -
Age of Louis XIV
1643-1715
Louis XIV was the most powerful monarch in France as he didnt share his power for he belived " one king, one law, one faith" which lead to many skilled workers fleeing France. -
Charles I executed in England
Thanks to Charles execution in January 30, 1649, The monarchy was abolished, and Cromwell gained control of the new English Commonwealth. -
Absolutism
1650-1750
The Holy Roman Empire, the Republic of Poland, and the Ottoman Empire where declining caused by the lack of a strong central authority. The Hasburgs and Prussia where rising in power during this time period. -
Commercial Wars
1650-1763
This was a time period where multiple cuntries went to war with each other over who owned what and how much power was in the area -
Rise of Prussia
1650-1763
Frederick William, The Great Elector, and Frederick William ! both created a strong military in hopes that it would protect the territory of Prussia and allow them to play a part of European balance of power ploitics. -
Newton Publishes Principia Mathemematica
Newton went into depth about gravity in his book called Principa Mathemematica. He talked about falling objects on the earth and of the motions of planets and comets. -
Glorious Revolution; Peter the Great's reign begins in Russia
1688-1689
Peter the Great caused so many changes in Russia. Russia was socially behind Europe so he created a better army and changed some of the amnner in Russia such as the invlovement of women and the way men dressed. -
Rise of Russia
1689-1815
Peter the Great was able to boost Russia economically by improving the agriculture and introducing skilled workers, military wise by improving his army and navy, and socially by allowing women to appear in public and forcing men to shave off thier beards. -
Bank of England
England did not have a centralized way of controlling their money so they came up with the bank of England that was able to fix off their debts. -
Rise of the middle class
1700-1799
Thanks to the Industrialization period middle class became stronger for they were the factory owners and they basically controlled the economy which lead to them demanding more rights -
Enlightenment
1700-1799
the Enlightenment era was a period of time where governments started acting more modern and science research was being more accepted leading onto the era of huminists. -
Argricultral Revoltuion
1700-1799
During the Agricultural Revolution, new crops were introduced into Europe from the New Worlds. -
Peace of Utrecht
1713-1715
Louis XIV died at the age of 72. The peace of Utrecht ended austrian succesion, French expanssion, and promoted the British Empire. -
Rococo Art
1720-1760
Rococo Art was the French aristocracy showing nobility in sylvan settings, as women were shown wearing silk and the paintings were elegant. -
War of Austrian Succession begins
Federick invaded the defenseless area of Silesa which vioalted norms of other countries and caused France and Britian to go agaisnt each other. -
Industrail Revolution
1750-1850
The industrail revolution changed Europe for the better as it introduced many jobs to the lower classes and used new inventions creating goods faster and better -
Treaty of Paris ends Seven Years' War
The treaty of Paris showed Britians victory over France and Spain in Febuary 10th, 1763. Portugal was the third party country that viewed over the Treaty. -
American Revolution
In 1776 America gained its independence from England thanks to the treaty of Paris. -
French Revolution begins
As an after effect of the American revolution, different countries also went against their government and fought for their freedom such as France. -
Age of revolutions
1789-1848
This was a time where many countries transitioned from monarchs to republics -
Feminism
1790-1980
Feminism is the belief of women and men both having equal rights in society. This began with womens actually allowed to voice their opnions to their husbands till they were finally granted the right to vote. -
Rise of Nationalism
1790-1914
This was when countries were fighting for their independence and feeling as a stronger nation. -
Wollstonecraft begins feminist movement with Vindication of Rights of women
Wollstonecraft was known as the first "recorded" feminist as she believed in women having the same rights as men. She created the Vindication of Rights of women showing the arguments made against women that were false. -
Napoleon comes to power in France
Napoleon declared himself Emperor of France after he gained control of France after the Revolution. His reign was a contradiction to the whole point as to why the revolution happened. -
Romanticism
1800-1850
This era showed a change in art following the enlightenment. This type of art showed more emotion than ever before -
Abdication of Napoleon; Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna helped Europe after the wars return to peace. Napolean lost his power over France -
Revolution in France; Belgian and Greek independence
1830-1831
The king of France fled to England after the citizens of France got upset over his actions as king. During this time Belgian and Greece gained their independence. -
Rise of Liberalism
1830-1870
With the age of revolutions, the rise of liberalism occurred as countries demanded their freedom -
Revolutions of 1848; Marx and Engels publish Communist Manifesta
Over 50 countries in Europe and Latin America became upset with their political leaders and started a revolution that lasted less than a year as the following year most goverments had more power than before the upright -
Unification and nation building
1850-1875
Due to the many wars that occurred, nations were split or even ended. During this time period unions built their land again and their goverment into the modern future. -
Realism and Materialism
1850-1870
Realism was a school of art that emphaszied the life of ordinary people. Materialism was the belief in which the person needed concrete evidence to believe something was true which lead to people go agaisnt the church since the church was based on a belief. -
Modern ideas and sciences
1850-1920s
This stage can be tied to the age of realism as it caused the spread of the scientific method and ideas -
Rise of modern society
1850-1899
More health laws were put into place as science was progressing and showing health risks. -
Second industrail revolution
1850-1914
The second industrial revolution can be describied as the rode to th modern world as it included more machineray and the development of railroads aided the transportation of goods to other areas -
Imperialism
1850-1914
During the second industrial revolution the need for supply and deman increased. Europe started going to Africs, where the resources were coming from, and controlling the area economically, politically, and socially. -
Crystal Palace Exhibition in Britain
The Crystal Palace exhibition was created to show the art of the time. -
Britain establishes direct rule of India
India for many years was a trading spot for europe since the sailings of the world to modern day. Britain in 1857 declared that they rule India which caused an upright in other countries who depended on India -
Darwi publishes Origin of the Species
The Origin of the Species goes over the scientific theory of how humans and animals have evolved over the course of natural selection and other factors. -
Italy Unified: Russian serfs emancipated
Italy was known as a whole country with all of its regions under one government now. The serfs in Russia gained their rights and became part of the civilization. -
Modern Art
1870-1920
Art changed into a new direction as it was not so much about protraits and detailed paintings of religion, now art contained more emotions and were often of landscapes and people in the streets -
Unification of Germany; Paris commune and Third republic in france
Bismark declared the unification of Germany. The thrid republic of France brought great fortune to France as it stabalized it and prospered as a whole before they fell in 1940. -
Berlin Conference over imperialism in Africa
1884-1885
The berlin conference settled disputes over Africa and stated the areas that were neutral and the areas that were allowed to be colonized by europeans. -
Freud publishes Interpretation of Dreams
The interpretation of dreams explained the first two stages of dreams and opened a new window of science to the world. The book was not very popular at first and took a while to sell but eventually there was seven editons in different languages. -
Einstein publishes relativity theory; Revolution of 1905 in Russia
The thoery of Relativity talked about the laws of physics concerning the motion and speed of light and the observer. The revolution in Russia was about the government changing the lifestyle of the citizens. -
World War 1 begins
World War 1 had a domino effect of things that caused the war to happen. What started it all was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. -
World Wars
1914-1945
The world wars were a devastating time as a lot of money was going into these worlds and millions of people were dying. -
Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
The population of Russia was still not content with their way of living and they felt as though their tsar was not doing anything to improve the way of life in Russia. The war was successful as many industries boomed. -
Treaty of Versailles ends world war 1
After five years of war, The Treaty of Versailles was signed ending the war between Germany and the allied powers -
Totalitarianism
1920-1945
States across Europe adopted this practice as the government controlled all aspects economic, social, political, cultural, and intelectual. -
Fascists and Mussolini come to power in Italy
Italy was turned into a Fascist dicatorship since the italians did anything to not become communinist. -
Great Depression begins
The great depression was a state where economy wise the western industrilized world could not afford anything and many people lost their jobs and went hungry and homeless -
Hitler comes to power in Germany
Hitler comes into power in Germany and creates a dictatorship while brainwashing the citizens and killing millions -
Munich Conference-height of appeasement
Hitler started taking over places near germany as he claimed that they were all ready german and contained great resources and the Munich Conference allowed him to take over. -
World War II Begins
As caused by Hitler planning on taking over the world and killing millions, World War II commenced. -
Cold war
1945-1991
This was a war after the World wars between the United States and the Soviet Union. This war caused some problems in the world's super powers -
World War II ends; United Nations Founded
The united Nations was founded at the end of World War II to prevent any futher countries trying to take over the world again. The united nations is a group of countries that meet and talk about progressing worldwide and protecting each other. -
European Unity
1945-present
After the wars, Europe become one and worked together to fix off the debts and prosper as a union. -
NATO formed
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States came together and formed an allience like the United Nations. Through out the years more countries have joined -
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) formed
The European and stell community started as a few countries but grew to become the whole Europe Union but this only lasted into 2002 as it fell apart -
Stalin dies
Joseph Stalin the "savior of the soviet union" died due to a heart attack. Stalin is praised as he fought of th nazi's to protect his territory. -
Khrushchev's de-stalinization speech; Hungary revolt
Khrushchev was tring to get some justice for his territory so he created a speech in which he tried getting the soviet communist party to favor him. -
Treaty of Rome creates European Economic Community
The Treaty of rome created the eec, which is now known as the eu, which was an alliance between Belgium, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, and West Germany. -
Fifth Republic in France under DeGaulle
DeGaulle was elected leader of the fifth republic of France. -
Berlin Wall erected
The Berlin wall was created splitting Berlin into west and east Berlin. -
Second Vatican Council Begins
The second vatican council was known as the renewel of christianity as the pop encouraged people to return to rome and encouraged the belief again -
Cuban Missle Crisis
The Cubans got a hold of missles form the soviet union and the undited states was not ok with this. The soviet union ended up having to take the missles out before the united states invaded cuba. -
Student revolvts; Czech 'Praque spring' revolt
The Prague Spring Revolts were done in hopes of granting rights to the citizens of Czechoslovakia. -
Helsinki Accords-height of detente
This occurred during the cold war and was able to relax tensions in the war. -
John Paul II elected pope
John Paul II was elected as the new pope. -
Berlin wall falls
The Dispute between west and east Berlin were settled and the wall came down -
Break up of Soviet Union
The soviet union announced that instead of the union there would now be commonwealths. -
Maastricht Treaty creates European Union
The European Union is basically the countries in Europe in a Union like the United Nations -
Euro currency introduced
The Euro was introduced as a electronic currency. -
Terrorist attacks on United States
Al Qaeda attacked the twin towers in new york city causing hundreds of people to die and a nationwide scare
