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reud's Psychosexual Developmental Theory
Freud states that development follows a set progression of psychosexual stages. Each stages represents a different fixation of the libido. Mcleod, S. (2019). Psychosexual Stages | Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/psychosexual.html -
Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory
Piaget explains the steps and sequences of children's cognitive development. Piaget wanted to explain how children think differently from adults. Mcleod, S. (2019). Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development | Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html -
Operant Conditioning
B.F. Skinner developed the theory of Operant Conditioning. This theory states that children learn language by receiving rewards for functional usage (A child says "Milk!" and the mother gives him milk). Mcleod, S. (2019). B.F. Skinner | Operant Conditioning | Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html -
Assimilation and Accomodation
Piaget states that language development involves assimilation (using existing schemas) and accommodation (finding ways to change existing schemas to fit a situational need). Mcleod, S. (2019). Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development | Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html -
Chomsky's Nativist Perspective
Chomsky believed that all children are wired to learn language (specifically grammar) innately. He believed that individuals have a Language Acquisition Device, or an innate system that organizes vocabulary into logical and grammatically correct sequences. Chomsky did not believe grammar needed to be explicitly taught to children. (Berk, 2009) -
Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Bandura asserts that learning is achieved by watching others. Mcleod, S. (2019). Albert Bandura | Social Learning Theory | Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html -
Erikson's Psychosocial Developmental Theory
Erikson describes growth and change over a lifespan. Growth and change are heavily influenced by social factors. During each stage, and individual is faced with a developmental conflict. Mcleod, S. (2019). Erik Erikson | Psychosocial Stages | Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html -
Bowlby's Attachment Theory
Bowlby believed that early relationships with caregivers were extremely important for healthy development. Mcleod, S. (2019). John Bowlby | Maternal Deprivation Theory | Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/bowlby.html -
Social Interactionist Theory
Vygotsky's Social Interactionist Theory states that language is developed through meaningful interactions with others.
Sarem, S., & Shirzadi, Y. (2014). A Critical Review of the Interactionist Approach to Second Language Acquisition. Journal Of Applied Linguistics And Language Research, 1(1). Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/984b/10b2b33347e3917b4faa8cc5dfb9f3014858.pdf -
Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky created the theory of Zone of Proximal Development that asserts learning occurs through meaningful interactions with others. This supports social interactionist theory. Mcleod, S. (2019). Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding | Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/Zone-of-Proximal-Development.html