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Period: 1485 to 1509
Henry VII's Reign
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Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII's Reign
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1517
The Ninety-Five Theses by Martin Luther
Also known as Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences. details Luther’s opposition to the Catholic Church -
1533
Act in Restraint of Appeals
Declares that England is an Empire and it is thus impossible to appeal/annul decisions taken in England (The Pope cannot control the King’s decisions anymore) -
1534
Act of Supremacy
States that Henry VIII is now Supreme Head of the Church -
1536
Act of Union
Wales is incorporated as a part of England -
1536
Injunctions and Articles
Until 1539 : publication of Injunctions and Articles in an attempt to make the reformation more legitimate and accepted -
1536
Dissolution of the Monasteries and Pilgrimage of Grace
Dissolution of monasteries : monasteries are abolished and lands that belonged to the church are sold. Given reasons : corruption in the monasteries but main reason was that the money was used to fund the wars
Pilgrimage of Grace : rebellion against changes in religion -
1541
Campaign against France
By the Holy Roman Emperor, supported by England -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI's Reign
Edward VI :
- Only surviving son of Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour
- First English monarch raised Protestant
- Realm governed by a regency council during his reign -
1549
Act of Uniformity
Made it illegal not to use the Book of Common Prayer -
1549
Kett’s rebellion
Riots against landowners -
1549
Book of Common Prayer
Edward VI issues a book explaining how a Protestant Christian should act and the way services should be conducted. followed by another one in 1562 which pushed things further into protestantism. Every prayer was in English and it was intended for everyone to follow the same rituals -
1553
42 Articles of faith
Made the English Church Protestant (revoking transubstantiation and purgatory) -
1553
Death of Edward VI at 16 years old
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1553
Attempt of return to Catholicism
Mary I re instituted the Church to the way it was in 1533.
However she did not gave back to the Church the lands that had been sold during the dissolution of the monasteries as it would have created a great risk of rebellion. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary I's Reign
Mary Tudor :
- Also known as "Bloody Mary"
- Daughter of Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon
- Catholic -
1554
Attempted coup against Mary’s throne
Mainly because of the unpopularity of her marriage to Philip II (King of Spain) -
1555
The first executions
During her reign, about 300 protestants were executed (mostly burned). In 1563 John Foxes issued the Actes and Monuments which established Mary as a bloodthirsty queen and gained her the name “Bloody Mary” -
1557
Rebellion in Scotland
Rebellion of the Lord of the Congregation (leader : John Knox) against Mary of Guise -
1558
Loss of Calais
War with France -
1558
First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women by John Knox
Patriarchal assumptions against Elizabeth’s legitimacy to rule -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I's Reign
Elizabeth I :
- Also known as the "Virgin Queen"
- Daughter of Henry VIII of England and Anne Boleyn
- Last monarch of the House of Tudor
- 3 main aspects of her reign:
- Religious peace and reformation
- Political stability
- Development of the English power -
1559
Treason Acts
(also in 1571 and 1581) In order to prevent people from acting on assumptions that they might have about the queen -
1559
French troops in Scotland
To help the Catholics / Elizabeth supports the Protestants -
1559
Beginning of the Religious settlement
Issues another Act of Supremacy and a new Book of Common Prayers. Didn’t call herself “Supreme Head of Church” but “Supreme Governor of the Church of England” -
1562
Slave Trade
England starts to participate in the slave trade -
1563
39 Articles
More on the Calvinist side but nuanced -
1567
Welsh New Testament and Book of Common Prayer
Translation in Welsh of the New Testament and the Book of Common Prayer -
1570
Elizabeth is excommunicated by Pope Pius V
From this moment, the Catholics have the right to rebel -
Plotting against Elizabeth
Proven that T. Babington plotted against Elizabeth and that Mary Stuart (Queen of Scots) participated -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
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Bible in Welsh
Full translation of the Bible in Welsh -
Defeat of the “Invincible Armada”
Attempted Spanish invasion of England by the “Invincible Armada” during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Was defeated by the British Navy (mostly due to weather conditions) -
Beginning of the Nine Years’ War
Also called Tyrone’s Rebellion. lasted until 1603. Fought in Ireland, against the English rule in the country and as a response to the ongoing Tudor conquest of Ireland -
Church of England is majorly accepted
By the end of her reign, Elizabeth I managed to stabilize the religious, economic and political state of the country, while being able to reposition England's position as a powerful country in Europe.