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Period: to
Ludwig Van Beethoven
Instrumental in moving music towards Romanticism; an icon in our present culture -
Period: to
E. T. A. Hoffman
German writer and composer; writer of "The Nutcracker Fable" -
Period: to
Carla Maria von Weber
Founder of German Romantic Opera -
Period: to
Gioachino Rossini
The most famous composer in the early 19th century in Vienna -
France Founded the Paris Conservatory
A state institution for the training of musicians -
Period: to
Gactano Donizetti
Student of Mayr and Verdi's immediate forerunner in Italian opera -
Period: to
Franz Schubert
Austrian composer who created a genre of artistic and dramatic Lieder -
Period: to
Vincenzo Bellini
Italian opera composer -
Period: to
Hector Berlioz
French composer, conductor, writer, and innovator; was leading French musician of his day -
Napoleon Bonaparte is Declared Emperor of France
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Period: to
Mikhail Glinka
The father of Russian music -
Period: to
Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel
Same training as Felix but was discouraged from composing. Married, then published Lieder's, overtures and choral works. -
Beethoven composes his Symphony No. 5 in C Minor
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Period: to
Felix Mendelssohn
Early romantic with a conservative style; revived Bach's music -
Period: to
Robert Schumann
Important as critic, editor, and composer -
Period: to
Frederic Francois Chopin
Polish/French composer and pianist; more famous today -
Period: to
Franz Liszt
Virtuoso pianist; conductor; author; innovator in musical form, aesthetics, and harmonies; inventor of orchestral tone poem -
Period: to
Giuseppe Verdi
Leading Italian opera composer of the 19th century -
Period: to
Richard Wagner
Creator of German Music Drama -
First Picture photograph is taken
using Joseph Nicéphore Niépce's camera obscura -
The Congress of Vienna
Europe was reorganized after agreements were reached -
Erlkönig is composed
By Franz Schubert -
Period: to
Charles Gounod
French prolific composer -
First German romantic opera is composed
“Der Freischütz” by Carl Maria von Weber -
Period: to
Clara Wieck Schumann
Virtuoso pianist; wife of Robert Schumann -
The Baton in introduced
Louis Spohr first uses the conductor's baton -
London opens the Royal Academy of Music
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Period: to
Cesar Franck
French nationalist composer, teacher, and organist -
Period: to
Anton Bruckner
Austrian composer and organist; known for his large orchestrations -
Period: to
Bedrich Smetana
Czechcomposer; established Czech opera in the 19th century -
Period: to
Johan Strauss
Viennese composer, conductor, and violinist; called the "Waltz-King" -
Period: to
Stephen Foster
American songwriter; vernacular style -
Charles Wheatstone invents the microphone
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The program symphony is developed
By Hector Berlioz, a new and modern approach to symphonies with innovative orchestration - "Symphonie Fantastique" -
Period: to
Johannes Brahms
Austrian composer; known as a classic-romantic -
Period: to
Camille Saint-Saens
French composer, pianist, organist, and writer -
Samuel Morse invents the telegraph
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Period: to
Modest Mussorgsky
One of the Russian Mighty Five; most famous of the 5 today -
Period: to
John Knowles Paine
American organist, composer, first music professor at Harvard -
Period: to
Piotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky
Russian composer, conductor and teacher who wrote emotional pieces with conservative harmonic language -
Belgian Adolphe Sax invents the saxophone and exhibits it to the world
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Period: to
Antonin Dvorak
The most famous of the Czech composers; live in USA and was influenced by African-American and Native American culture -
New York Philharmonic is founded
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Period: to
Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov
Russian Mighty Five; important as a teacher; conductor; wrote an orchestration treatise -
Period: to
Gabriel Faure
French composer, teacher and keyboardist; he foreshadowed modern tonality and style; extremely important as a teacher -
The symphonic (tone) poem is created
By Franz Liszt; a one-movement orchestral work -
Rigoletto is produced
Composed by Verdi, first produced in Venice, Italy -
Period: to
Leos Janacek
Czech composer; ethnomusicologist; influenced by folk music -
Period: to
John Philip Sousa
American; leader of the U.S. Marine Band in 1880 -
Louis Pasteur develops the process of pasteurization.
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Period: to
Edward Elgar
English composer; received international acclaim; not folksong oriented -
Period: to
Giacomo Puccini
Italian opera composer; gift for delicate melodies -
Period: to
Hugo Wolf
Composer who wrote mostly Lieder and was influenced by Wagner -
The American Civil War Ends
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Wagner's "Der Ring Des Nibelungen" is played in its entirety
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Thomas Edison invents the incandescent electric light bulb.
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First practical automobile is invented
By Karl Benz, it was powered by an internal combustion engine