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5000 BCE
Fire
- When did it occur? 500,000 BC.
- Who specifically did it affect? What was the main benefit of achieving it? Helped early humans defend themselves, eat better, and learn to make weapons.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes -What is its actual use? It serves as one of the major sources of energy, to change the state of matter, etc.
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5000 BCE
Metals
- When did it occur? 5,000 BCE
- Who specifically did it affect? all people.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? heat resistance.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? make tools, iron and steel have been used to make bridges, buildings, or ships. Some metals are used to make items like coins. Basically for everything.
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2750 BCE
Energy
- When did it occur? 2750 BCE
- Who specifically did it affect? all people
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? it has millions of benefits.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? residential, commercial, transportation, and industrial.
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465 BCE
Democritus
- When did it occur? 465 BC.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? It is known how matter is formed.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? It is being used for the construction of nuclear reactors and nuclear power.
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450 BCE
4 Elements
- When did it occur? 450 BC
- Who specifically did it affect? the scientists mainly
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? helps define the experiments to go on to the next element
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? they consist primarily of: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. So practically to live.
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440 BCE
Atoms
- When did it occur? 440 BC
- Who specifically did it affect? it affected to chemists and scientists.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? access to energy and proper medical care, food production and the management of water resources.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? create the molecules around us.
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The Microscope
- When did it occur? 1590
- Who specifically did it affect? scientists and chemists
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? get to look much closer to different things.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? lets the user see the tiniest parts of our world: microbes, small structures within larger objects and even the molecules that are the building blocks of all matter.
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Vacuum pump
- When did it occur? 1650.
- Who specifically did it affect? What was the main benefit of achieving it? Extract gas molecules. -Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes.
- What is its actual use? It is used in different types of industry (food, electrical, among others)
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Photosynthesis
- When did it occur? 1730
- Who specifically did it affect? all people.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? it is the number one source of oxygen in the atmosphere.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes.
- What is its actual use? to transform water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into oxygen, and simple sugars that the plant uses as fuel.
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Lightning is electricity
- When did it occur? 1752
- Who specifically did it affect? What was the main benefit of achieving it? He created the electric fire.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? Serves as a source of electricity.
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Soda water
- When did it occur? 1767
- Who specifically did it affect? all people
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? improved satiety, or the feeling of fullness. Improves digestion and helps constipation
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? Drink
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The Automobile
- When did it occur? 1769
- Who specifically did it affect? all people and it is very important.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? transport in a easy way.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? used for transport.
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Discovery of nitrogen
- When did it occur? 1772.
- Who specifically did it affect? What was the main benefit of achieving it? Helped to know the composition of the air.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes.
- What is its actual use? It is used mainly in industry and in chemistry for the production of dyes and fertilizers.
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Chlorine as bleach
- When did it occur? 1774
- Who specifically did it affect? all people, chemists, etc.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? cleaning.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? cleaning and desinfecting
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Discovery of Oxygen
- When did it occur? 1774
- Who specifically did it affect? What was the main benefit of achieving it? It was a key element in the chemical phenomena of respiration and combustion.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? It is used for agriculture, ozone production, water disinfection, etc.
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Calorimeter
- When did it occur? 1798
- Who specifically did it affect? scientists and chemist.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it?
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? sed in chemical reaction and the measuring method of biochemical reactions.
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Stoichiometry
- When did it occur? 1792.
- Who specifically did it affect? What was the main benefit of achieving it? Helped to know the quantities that would be obtained in a chemical reaction.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes.
- What is its actual use? Measure the weight of the elements.
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First Vaccine
- When did it occur? 1796
- Who specifically did it affect? All people
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? Help prevent diseases
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? Help protect against many diseases that used to be much more common. Like Covid-19
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Dalton's Atomic Theory
-When did it occur? 1803 and 1807
-What was the main benefit of achieving it? He proposed that all matter was composed of atoms, indivisible and indestructible building blocks, while all atoms of an element were identical, different elements had atoms of differing size and mass.
-What is its actual use? They use it for know more about atoms. -
Avogadro's law
- When did it occur? 1811.
- Who specifically did it affect? To the Scientific society.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? It helps to know that all gases have the same number of molecules.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? Helps to know the number of molecules.
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Caffeine
- When did it occur? 1821
- Who specifically did it affect? all adults
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? an improve memory, decrease fatigue, improve your mental functioning, and speed up your reaction times.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? Mainly coffee
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Synthesis of Urea
- When did it occur? 1828
- Who specifically did it affect? What was the main benefit of achieving it? Substances produced by living beings can reproduce with inert substances
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? 91% of the urea produced is used as fertilizer. It is applied directly to the soil and provides nitrogen to the plant.
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Alcoholic fermentation
- When did it occur? 1835
- Who specifically did it affect? adults.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? it is used to make alcohol and it not goos so I think that non.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? No
- What is its actual use? make alcoholic beverages.
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Bunsen burner
- When did it occur? 1854
- Who specifically did it affect? chemists and scientists.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? help to the scientist to make experiments.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? used as laboratory equipment.
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Kekulé structural theory
- When did it occur? 1858
- Who specifically did it affect? What was the main benefit of achieving it? Facilitates understanding of organic compounds.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? Development of the synthesis of dyes.
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Dynamite
- When did it occur? 1860
- Who specifically did it affect? everyone.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? it helps as a weapon.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? No, there are some more secure options.
- What is its actual use? is mainly used in the mining, quarrying, construction, and demolition industries.
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Pasteurization
- When did it occur? 1864
- Who specifically did it affect? all people.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? eliminating harmful bacteria.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? is a process in which packaged and non-packaged foods (such as milk and fruit juice).
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Dye for blue jeans
- When did it occur? 1865
- Who specifically did it affect? all humans.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? have jeans that we use everyday.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? clothing
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Thermoplastic
- When did it occur? 1868
- Who specifically did it affect? everyone.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? it has a wide range of uses.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? kettles, plugs, laptop, chargers, etc.
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Periodic Table
- When did it occur? 1869
- Who specifically did it affect? scientists and chemists.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? has made the study of chemistry systematic and easy. It contains essential elements to live.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? refer to information about an element, like atomic mass and chemical symbol.
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First artificial sweetener.
-When did it occur? 1878
-Who specifically did it affect? all poblation
-What was the main benefit of achieving it? it helps with wheight control and people with diabetes can use it.
-Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? in food and desserts -
The light bulb
- When did it occur? 1879
- Who specifically did it affect? all people
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? have light inside houses without using fire.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? in houses and pretty much everywhere
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X-rays
- When did it occur? 1895
- Who specifically did it affect? What was the main benefit of achieving it? Detection of skeletal and soft tissue diseases.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? They are used for medical diagnosis, this technology is used to control security at airports, study the quality of acorn-fed ham or find the "lost matter of the universe".
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First Movie
- When did it occur? 1895
- Who specifically did it affect? all people.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? entratainment.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? watch movies and for entratainment.
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Radiation
- When did it occur? 1896
- Who specifically did it affect? scientists and chemists.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? it helps in many things for human kind.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? is used in medicine, academics, and industry, as well as for generating electricity.
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Discovery of the electron
- When did it occur? 1897.
- Who specifically did it affect? What was the main benefit of achieving it? Showed that atoms cannot be divided.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes.
- What is its actual use? They play an essential role in nature, electricity, magnetism and thermal conductivity
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Polythene
- When did it occur? 1898
- Who specifically did it affect? all people.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? is that it is impact resistant.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? packaging film, trash and grocery bags.
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Plastic
- When did it occur? 1907
- Who specifically did it affect? all people
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? its cheap so everyone can buy it easily.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? It is effective but causes lots of contamination.
- What is its actual use? is used across almost every sector.
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The Haber-Bosch process
-When did it occur? In 1910 and Carl Bosch distributed
-What was the main benefit of achieving it? That they use the nitrogen of the air and made it a fertilizer
-Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? I think that yes because is a good way to made fertilizer
-What is its actual use? Fertilizer -
Isotopes
-When did it occur? 1912
- Who specifically did it affect? Scientists.
-What was the main benefit of achieving it?
That in part in that time they can know more about the chemistry
Soddy won the Novel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for his work within isotopes and radioactive materials.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes -
The Oil drop apparatus
-When did it occur? 1916
-How it works? They suspended tiny charged droplets of oil between two metal electrodes by balancing downward gravitational force with upward drag and electric forces.
-Who create it? Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher -
Penicillin
- When did it occur? 1928
- Who specifically did it affect? all people.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? saving millions of lives, with it decreasing the death rate from bacterial pneumonia in soldiers from 18% to 1%
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? treat certain infections caused by bacteria.
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Nylon
- When did it occur? 1930
- Who specifically did it affect? all people
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? have found significant commercial applications in fabric and fibers,
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? including clothing, reinforcement in rubber material like car tires, for use as a rope or thread, and for many injection molded parts for vehicles and mechanical equipment.
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Analgesics
- When did it occur? 1950
- Who specifically did it affect? all people
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? it helps with pain.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? it is used in the health sector to releve pain.
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Structure of insulin
- When did it occur? 1951
- Who specifically did it affect? all diabetics, scientist, chemist, etc.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? completely transformed the treatment of diabetes, saving millions of lives worldwide.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? help diabetic people.
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Structure of insulin
- When did it occur? 1953
- Who specifically did it affect? mainly diabetic people.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? completely transformed the treatment of diabetes, saving millions of lives worldwide.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? see how the insulin look.
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Solar panel
- When did it occur? 1954
- Who specifically did it affect? all people.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? saving energy.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? supplement a building's electricity or provide power at remote locations.
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LCD Screen
- When did it occur? 1963
- Who specifically did it affect? all people.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? its small and thin.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? watch TV, computers, etc.
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Taxol
- When did it occur? 1966
- Who specifically did it affect? mainly everyone who has cancer but all people.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? help lots of people with cancer cure.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? treat breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer. It is also used to treat AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
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Atomic model
- When did it occur? 1897
- Who specifically did it affect? mainly scientists.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? they help us visualize the interior of atoms and molecules.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes.
- What is its actual use? when the exact structure of the atom remained quite unknown, models were proposed based on experimental evidence of the properties of matter.
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Detection Of The First Gravitational Waves
- When did it occur? 2015
- Who specifically did it affect? scientists and chemists.
- What was the main benefit of achieving it? we've gained unexpected insight into the cosmos.
- Has it been the most effective compared to similar achievement on a scientific level? Yes
- What is its actual use? gain incredible insight into the workings of gravity and the creation of elements like gold and silver thanks to this historical evidence.