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13 BCE
Invention of steel
Iron and charcoal come together. Early blacksmiths discovered that iron became harder and stronger when left in charcoal -
Period: 13 BCE to
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1577
First blast furnace
What is probably the first blast furnace in the North of England opens close to Rievaulx Abbey. Iron working continues on the site until 1647. -
Ironstone examples sent for testing
Wm Ward Jackson of Normanby Hall sends examples of Ironstone to Lemington-On-Tyne iron works for testing but receives the report that it is ‘’good for nothing” -
The railway
Work commences on the Stockton and Darlington Railway. -
Blast Furnaces
Number of blast furnaces in Durham and Northumberland is only 2. The annual make of pig iron is 2,379 tons. -
Iron output
Country’s output of iron is 600,000 tons compared with 17,000 in 1750. -
Hot blast method
Neilson introduces the hot-blast method in pig – iron production, cutting down costs of fuel and allowing the use of ironstone previously considered uneconomic. -
Furnaces
There are now four furnaces in Northumberland and Durham, making 5,327 tons during the year. -
The Railway
Stockton and Darlington Railway line extended to Middlesbrough. -
Cleveland mines
First Cleveland ironstone mine opens, at Grosmont. -
Foundries
Three iron foundries at Middlesbrough. -
Bolckow and Vaughan
Bolckow and Vaughan decide to begin manufacture of iron at Middlesbrough.
Five furnaces in Northumberland and Durham. -
Furnaces
Work on new Middlesbrough Dock begin.
There are six furnaces in Northumberland and Durham. -
Bolckow and Vaughan
Bolckow & Vaughan open the first ironworks in Middlesbrough producing rails for the Stockton & Darlington Railway Co. -
Furnaces
Blast furnace erected at Walker to smelt Cleveland Ironstone. Iron trade depressed. -
Iron trade
Commercial depression in the iron trade -
Cleveland mines
Skinningrove Ironstone Mine opened by the Roseby Bros -
Cleveland mines
Skinningrove Mines taken over by Bolckow & Vaughan until October, and then transferred to Losh, Wilson and Bell. -
Bolckow and Vaughan
Skinningrove Mine operated by Bolckow & Vaughan -
Cleveland mines
Skinningrove Mine operated by Losh, Wilson & Bell -
The Discovery of Cleveland ironstone
Bolckow and Vaughan discover iron ore in Eston Hills – the first three blast furnaces on Teesside subsequently follow. The Pease family and other investors develop partnerships in mining, quarrying and ironworks. -
Bolckow and Vaughan
Eston Ironstone Mine opened by Bolckow & Vaughan -
Bolckow and Vaughan
Bolckow & Vaughan build 3 blast furnaces at Middlesbrough Ironworks -
Furnaces
30 blast furnaces in operation within six miles of Middlesbrough. -
Bolckow and Vaughan
Teesside produces over 1 million tons of iron, becoming a key producer nationally and internationally. Bolckow and Vaughan Ltd. Is the largest company ever formed. -
Cleveland mines
Loftus Ironstone Mine opened by Pease & Partners -
Iron trade
Lofthouse Iron Company founded. -
Bolckow and Vaughan
Bolckow & Vaughan are the first company to produce bulk steel commercially on Teesside -
Steel production
Sidney Gilchrist Thomas & Percy Carlyle Gilchrist develop Basic steel making process enabling large scale commercial production of steel from Cleveland ironstone -
Cleveland mines
Dorman Long takes control of Bell Bros., including the ironstone mines at Carlin How, Kilton, Lumpsey, Skelton Park & Skelton Shaft -
Steel production
The first integrated steelworks including coke ovens, blast furnaces & rolling mills built at Cargo Fleet. -
Cleveland mines
Work begins at Skinningrove on 205 ton Talbot tilting furnace -
Steel production
First steel ingots rolled at Skinningrove -
First World War
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First World War
During World War 1 Dorman Long are a major supplier of shells to the British army -
Eskdale closed
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First World War
The whole of Skinningrove Works production goes towards making shells -
Steel production
The new Redcar steel plant opened, making steel by the 'open hearth' method. Dormanstown ‘garden village’ built for the workers using steel-framed housing. -
Cleveland Works opened.
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Votes for women over 30
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Coal Miners' Strike
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Brotton closed
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Brotton closed
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Steel production
Dorman Long win the contract to build the Sydney Harbour Bridge -
Tom Leonard is born in Charltons
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Liverton closed
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Sydney Harbour Bridge
Sydney Harbour Bridge is built between 1923 - 1932 -
Upleatham closed
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Newcastle Tyne Bridge
Dorman Long: win the contract to build the Newcastle Tyne Bridge -
Ayton Banks closed
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Roseberry closed
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Rosedale East closed
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Stanghow (Margrove Park) closed
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Tyne Bridge
Tyne Bridge built by Dorman Long of Middlesbrough and opened on October 10 by George V. -
Votes for women over 21
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Ayton (Monument) closed
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Spawood closed
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Belmount closed
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Dorman Long build the Tees Newport Bridge
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Boulby closed
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Grinkle closed
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Skelton closed
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Skelton Shaft closed
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Chaloner closed
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Second World War
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Introduction of British Iron & Steel Federation subsidy for production from Cleveland mines
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Upsall closed
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Carlin How closed
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Eston closed
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Steel Industry nationalised
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Dorman Long acquire Lingdale Mine from Pease & Partners
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Steel Industry privatised
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Longacres closed
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Lumpsey closed
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South Skelton closed
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British Iron and Steel Federation support for Cleveland ironstone mines withdrawn
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Loftus closed
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Lingdale closed
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Kilton closed
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North Skelton closed
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Tom Leonard begins his collection of mining tools and photographs
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Tom Leonard
Tom Leonard acquires a shop in Chaloner Street, Guisborough and opens to the public every Saturday, this was the beginning of his dream to establish a mining museum. -
Tom Leonard
Tom Robinson, then owner of the Loftus Mine site in Skinningrove agrees to rent part of the site where Tom Leonard hoped to house his collection -
Tom Leonard
Tragically Tom Leonard died however his family and friends carry on his work -
Tom Leonard
Tom’s wife Elsie Leonard opened the Tom Leonard Mining Museum -
The museum is rebranded as the Cleveland Ironstone Mining Museum
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The new museum opens