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Plessy Vs. Ferguson
The court ruled "seperate but equal" by seperating whites and blacks schools. The schools were only lawful if permitted as equal facilities were provided -
C.O.R.E
Founders James Farmer and George Houser of Chicago create the Congress Of Racial Equality. It was push for using techniques such as sit-ins for desegration. They would do that to make managers and owners uneasy enough to react and do something that would help the Civil Rights Movement unintentionally. They were very successful in integrating restaurants, theaters, and other public facilities in Northern cities such as Detroit, Syracuse, Denver, and Chicago. -
Brown Vs. Board of Education
Segregation in public shcools was common but unconstitutional. Brown wanted to attend a local white school but was denied. The tolde her to go to the one way across town for blacks only. She took them to court and got to attend the white school -
Rosa Parks
She quit her job as a seamstress in Montgomery, Alabama and took the bus home. At the time the front and middle of the bus was reserved for whites. She refused to move when a white man told her to and she got arrested. Today she is known as an Civil Rights Movement Hero -
SCLC
Martin Luther King Jr. was a minister of a church. He and many others met together to come up with an idea to ban segregation. They came up with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. They also wanted to encourage African-Americans to vote. King used many public speeches to accomplish this "Dream". -
Little Rock Nine
Nine African-American students wanted to integrate Little Rock Central High School. Many rioted and carried on as they were finally, after struggling, entering as students. The National Guard had to be there along with the LRPD to help stop any violent breakouts. Their names are; Minnijean Brown, Elizabeth Eckford, Ernest Green, Thelma Mothershed Wain, Melba Pattillo Beals, Carlotta Walls, Terrence Roberts, Jefferson Thomas, and Gloria Cecelia Ray -
SNCC
Ella Baker, a former NAACP official and executive director of the SCLC, invited student leaders to attend a convention at Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina. They established the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee to help desegregation in public schools. -
NAACP
Chief Counsel and Director of its legal Defense and Education Fund was the brilliant African-American attorney Thursood Marshall. After WWII, he focused his attention to end segregation in public schools and facilities. -
Freedom Riders
In 1961 leader James Farmer of the C.O.R.E program asked many African-Americans and Whites to ride public buses south to draw attention to its refusal of integrated bus terminals. They became known as Freedom Riders. When they arrived in Annistan, Birmingham, and Montgomery, Alabama, white mobs attacked them by slitting bus tires, busting windows, burning the buses, and even physically hitting them. -
James Meredith
James Meredith, an African-American Airforce Veteran, applied for a transfer to the University of Mississippi. The governor, Ross Barnett, blocked him from registering and saying things such as, "Never! We will never surrender to the evil and illegal forces of tyranny." Meredith rioted and President Kennedysent 500 federal marshals to escort Meredith on campus. A mob ended up breaking out and wounding 150 marshals. He graduated in August with troops, sent by President Kennedy, to protect him. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This was the most comprehensive civil rights law Congress had ever enacted. This gave the government enough power to prevent racial discrimination in many areas. It made segregation illegal and gave all citzens of all races and nationalities equal access to public facilites. -
The Selma March
The SCLC and Dr. King selected Selma, Alabama, as the focal point for thier campaign for voting rights. To stop compromising voters, Sheriff Jim Clark armed and deputized dozens of white citizens. He was a threat to African-Americans and frequently attacked demonstrators with clubs and electric cattle prods. In December, King recieved a Nobel Peace Prize for his work in the Civil Rights Movement.
