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House Un-American Activities Committee
The House Un-American Activities Committee, also known as HUAC, was a committee that investigates those suspected of having ties with communism formed on May 26th, 1938. They had hearings for them to get any information about other communists. They used a tactic called "red-baiting" It was part of the second red scare and was in a way fire to fuel the fear of communists and communism in this era. -
G.I. Bill
The G. I. Bill of Rights also known as the Servicemen's Readjustment Act was passed on June 22, 1944, by Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was called the G.I. Bill because the veterans that it was meant for were referred to as G.I.s. It provided a college education and one year of unemployment compensation for returning World War II veterans It also provided loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses. It's still in use today. -
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The Cold War Era
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Marshall Plan
The European Recovery Program, more commonly known as the Marshall Plan, was an economic recovery plan intended for Europe proposed by George C. Marshall, the Secretary of State at the time and put into effect June 3rd, 1948. Aside from helping rebuild the European economy after WWII, the Marshall Plan also was a way for the U.S. to promote democracy and work in a way against communism. It was successful in terms of helping the economy. -
Berlin Airlift
The Berlin Airlift was the U.S's response to the Berlin Blockade, the first criss in the Cold War, in which western areas of Berlin had been blockaded by the Soviets. The U.S. amongst other countries such as Great Britain helped the people in the blockaded areas by flying in supplies and food. They did this from June 24th, 1948 to May 12th, 1949. -
The Fair Deal
The Fair Deal was a collection of domestic policies enforced by President Truman throughout his presidency and inspired by Franklin Rosevelt's New Deal policies. It was first announced in his State of the Union address on January 1st, 1949. It included policies regarding civil rights, health insurance, and an increase in minimum wage. -
Beat Generation
The Beat Generation was the name given to American writers who became popular in the 1950s. It included people such as Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Neal Cassady and William S. Burroughs. Beat culture symbolized a rejection of mainstream American values, and exploration of sexuality, and an interest in spirituality, and experimentation with drugs They were seen as a "prototype for hippies". -
TV Shows
Television became a major thing in the 1950s. It was used to promote a family life and was also used in helping politicians create an image and also was used in the -
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The 1950
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Contemporary Era
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Ike Turner
Ike Turner was an African American musician/singer, husband to Tina Turner, that became popular in the 1950s. He was popular for things like being part of the group "Kings of Rythm" and creating songs with his wife. He was important because he helped pioneer 50s rock and roll. -
Bill Haley and the Comets
Bill Haley and the Comets, originally a country/western band, was founded in 1952. They recorded "Rock Around the Clock" which was first hit to make #1 in 1955. It was the song that was considered to bring rock and roll into mainstream culture. They were important because they were some of the early musicians for rock and roll which influenced the culture at the time. -
Hydrogen Bomb
The first hydrogen bomb was tested on November 1st, 1952 by the United States. A year later the Soviet Union tested their first. It was far more powerful than the previous weapon, the atomic bomb. It led to a nuclear arms race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union and escalated tensions in the Cold War. It contributed to the fear many people had of a nuclear destruction of the world. -
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Khrushchev was born on April 15, 1894, in Kalinovka. Khrushchev became Premier of the Soviet Union after Joseph Stalin's death in 1953. In 1956 he discussed Stalin's crimes for the first time, starting a process called "de-Stalinization." his brand of "Reform Communism,". Khrushchev important because of his roll in the Cuban Missile Crisis and oversaw the building of the Berlin Wall. -
Earl Warren Supreme Court
Earl Warren was a prominent politician. He ran for president but didn't win. He was then appointed the 14th chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1953. He is famous for working on the case Brown v. Board of Education. In addition to racial & political equality, the Warren Court worked to obtain equality in criminal justice, meaning it was the most liberal court in America. -
Polio Vaccine
The first polio vaccine was developed by Jonas Stalk in 1953. It was proved effective by trials. Later an oral version was created by Albert Sabin. It helped make the vaccine widespread. For his work, he was awarded the Order of Friendship Among Peoples medal. It was a very important medical advancement in this time period. -
Joseph McCarthy
Joseph McCarthy was a Republican senator who accused many politicians and famous people of being communists fueling the country's paranoia regarding communism. He started an anti-communist campaign known as McCarthyism which ended when he was removed from the Senate. He was removed from the Senate when he attacked the army because he accused members of having communist ties. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was an Activist and Baptist minister who became famous for his work in advocating for civil rights and becoming a leader for the movement itself from 1954 until his assassination in 1968. He is well known for promoting a non-violent approach to protesting and speaking out against the injustice as shown in his " I have a Dream Speech". The civil rights movement took a blow after his death because he had a very active role in the movement. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v.Board of Education in 1954 was a majorly important Supreme Court case in which it was determined that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown v.Board of Education was a big step for the civil rights movement & helped remove the idea of "separate but equal". Although it allowed for black children to attend white schools, the south's racial bias led them to resist it with violence. -
Oprah Winfrey
Oprah G. Winfrey a big figure in the entertainment industry. She was born on January 29th, 1954. She is best known for her talk show which speaks present-day issues as well as trends and tires inspiring others using her real-life experiences. She is also known for her work as an actress and owning her O.W.N., the Oprah Winfrey Network. She is also the richest black women on earth. She is a very important part of the entertainment industry. -
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The Civil Rights
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Domino Theory
The Domino Theory was the name given to an effect that was proposed by President Eisenhower in a speech. It suggested that if a communist government took over one country, then there was a big possibility of the communist influence moving into neighboring countries. Hence the name "the domino theory". If one country fell to communism, so did the others. This was used to justify the U.S.'s involvement in the Vietnam War. -
Albert Sabin
Albert was the person responsible for developing the oral polio vaccine. He believed in using the live virus to ensure immunity. He also used the oral method because he believed it was easier to administer and was a better method overall. It helped make the vaccine widespread. For his work, he was awarded the Order of Friendship Among Peoples medal. It was a very important medical advancement in this time period. -
Little Richard
Little Richard was an African American musician that became popular in the 1950s and helped influence others of that time period in the genre of rock and roll. He is most popular for his song Tutti Fruitti that was released in 1957. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was an activist best known because she refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in 1955. This helped push the civil rights movement by people organizing a bus boycott in response to her being convicted of violating the segregation laws. She was seen as a national symbol of strength in the struggle to end racial segregation. What she did was important because Montgomery ended up lifting the law on segregation on buses. -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil-rights protest in which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama to protest segregated seating. I was put into motion because Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested & fined for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man.The U.S. Supreme Court ordered Montgomery to integrate its bus system becuase of it andMartin Luther King, Jr.,emerged as a prominent civil rights leader because of the movements. -
Emmett Till
Emmett Till was a 14 year old who was brutally murdered for "flirting" with a white woman in Money, Mississippi. Roy Bryant, her husband reported that he allegedly was talking to his wife in a certain way. Three days later, his corpse was recovered but was so disfigured that Mose Wright could only identify it by an initialed ring. His death was an important contribution to the civil rights movement because it stirred riots of rage over racism and hate since it was obvioulsy a hate crime. -
Elvis
Elvis was a singer from Memphis Tennesee who became popular in the 50s. He popularized the music style rock and roll. He became famous for his music, image, and performances. However, his performances were somewhat controversial because adults thought it promoted sex and youthful values. His music greatly contributed to the culture of the 50s and remains famous to this day. -
The Little Rock 9
The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students who enrolled at all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957. This was a test of Brown v. Board of Education/ integration of school because the case declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. On the first day of school for Central High, Governor Orval Faubus called in the Arkansas National Guard to block the black students’ entry into the high school. This was an important event for civil rights. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
The Civil Rights Act of 1957 began a new era in civil rights legislation & enforcement, started by President Eisenhower and originally proposed by Attorney General Herbert Brownell The act was important because it created a greater federal role in civil rights, specifically protecting the rights of African Americans & other minorities. It increased protection of voting rights and federal enforcement of civil rights laws by creating the Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice. -
Sputnik
Sputnik was the first satellite launched on October 4th, 1957 by the Russians in Moscow. It was important because aside from being the first satellite, it was a symbol that the Russians were technologically advanced in comparison to America. It led to the U.S.'s creation of NASA to push for engineers and scientists to catch up and set off the space race. It also furthered the fear of Soviet superiority. -
Bay of Pigs
The Bay of Pigs was an attempt made by the U.S. to stop the spread of communism in Cuba. It was done by a group of rebels being supported by the U.S and landed on the southern coast of Florida to overthrow Fidel Castro. They were greatly outnumbered and the whole thing was a big disaster. The incident was seen as Kennedy's biggest mistake as president. It led to tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union and led to the missle crisis. -
The New Frontier
The New Frontier was a term used by Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 U.S presidential election. .The phrase stood for his administration's domestic & foreign programs. It was what he wanted to achieve in his presidency in which he promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights. .It was the "new" liberal & civil rights ideas. -
Feminism
Feminism was a very large part of the 1960s especially since there was so much protest for the other rights. It was part of second-wave feminism, which lasted until the 1980s. Women strived for equal pay as they sought work outside of their home,reproductive rights that would allow them to uphold the ability to control their decisions,desires,bodies & freedom. There were several protest for thier ideals. Also with the exploration of the culture, women were given more freedom. -
Counter Culture
The counterculture that developed during the 1960s was an alternative lifestyle chosen by individuals who would eventually become known as hippies in the 70s. Members of the counterculture wanted to overhaul domestic policy within the United States. Hippies were generally dissatisfied with the consensus culture that had developed after the Second World War and wanted to distance themselves from American society. They rejected traditional values that the rest of society embraced. -
LSD
LSD,also known as acid in the 1960s became popular substance in the 60s, especsially within the counter culture group.Counterculture member(hippies) and liberals rejected the traditional aspects of society& that included the exploration of drug substances, the most popular drug being LSD, sexual and liberation & individuality, greatly influencing the pop culture and arguably the politics in this time period. -
The Anti-War Movements
The movement against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War began with peace activists on college campuses but gained national prominence in 1965. After the U.S began bombing North Vietnam anti-war marches & other protests, such as the ones organized by Students for a Democratic Society, attracted a widening base of support over the next three years, peaking in early 1968 after the successful Tet Offensive by North Vietnamese troops proved that war’s end. -
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1960s
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Freedom Rides
Freedom Riders were groups of white & African American civil rights activists who took bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals.Freedom Riders tried to use “whites-only” restrooms & lunch counters at bus stations in Alabama,South Carolina & other Southern states.The groups were stopped by police officers and violence from white protesters. Although they faced many obstacles, they brought lots of attention to their cause. -
The Peace Corps
On March 1, 1961, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order #10924, which established the Peace Corps, a new agency in the Department of State. Congress gave permanent funding for it which would send trained American men & women to foreign nations to assist in development efforts.After March 1,hundreds of young Americans volunteered for the Peace Corps.It was headed by R. Sargent Shriver who eventually chose some 750 volunteers to serve in 13 nations in 1961. -
Ascendency of Lyndon Johnson
Lyndon B.Johnson swore into office and became the 36th president on November 1963 after President Kennedy was assassinated. Johnson was important because he promoted progressive reforms in order to create a “Great Society”, which was the largest reform plan since the New Deal. The programs created with this reform focused on health, education & civil rights and included programs such as Medicare, Head Start, Voting Rights Act & the Civil Rights Act. They still affect Americans today. -
"I Have a Dream" speech
The “I Have a Dream” speech is one of the most famous speeches in history. It was delivered by Martin Luther King, Jr. before a crowd of some 250,000 people at the 1963 March on Washington. He used references from the Founding Fathers and the Bible, as well as universal themes to reflect on the struggles of African Americans,The speech pushed for equality and was a symbol of what the civil rights movement stood for. It became what Martin Luther King Jr. was most known for. -
The Assassination of JFK
By the fall of 1963,President John F. Kennedy & his political advisers were preparing for the next presidential campaign. He was in Dallas to promote it and on the afternoon of November 22,1963,President John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas,Texas. As a result,the gunshots wounded Kennedy & Governor Connelly. The person responsible was Lee Harvey Oswald, although there is speculation that indicated otherwise. -
The Great Society
The Great Society was an ambitious series of policy initiatives, legislation and programs spearheaded by President Lyndon B. Johnson with the main goals of ending poverty, reducing crime, abolishing inequality and improving the environment. In May 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson laid out his agenda for a “Great Society” during a speech at the University of Michigan. With his eye on re-election that year, Johnson set in motion his Great Society, the largest social reform plan in modern history. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964,which ended segregation in public places & banned employment discrimination on the basis of race,color,religion,sex or national origin, is considered one of the biggest legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. It was first proposed by President JFK, and went through strong opposition from southern members of Congress but was still signed into law by President Johnson . Since then ,Congress has expanded the act & passed more civil rights legislation. -
Selma March
The Selma march was part of a series of civil-rights protests that occurred in 1965 in Alabama,.In March of that year,in an effort to register black voters in the South,protesters marching the 54-mile route from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery were confronted with deadly violence from local authorities & white vigilante groups.The historic march,& Martin Luther King,Jr.’s participation in it,raised awareness of rights. -
Nixon's Presidency
Richard Nixon,the 37th U.S. president,is best remembered as the only president ever to resign from office because of his involvment in trying to cover up what he had done in the Watergate scandal. He resigned in order to escape facing impeachment in 1974..As president,Nixon’s achievements included forging diplomatic ties with China and the Soviet Union,& withdrawing U.S. troops from an unpopular war in Vietnam.However,the scandal ruined his reputation. -
Apollo 11
Apollo 11 was the first space manned mission to land on the moon on July 20, 1969, making America the first country to put a man on the moon,(Neil Armstrong). It was perceived to be a victory in the "space race" against the Soviet Union. -
Stagflation
Stagflation was a term created in the 70s which meant he unusual economic situation in which an economy is suffering both from inflation and from stagnation of its industrial growth, or A period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation). This was used because of the terrible state that the economy was in at the time. Nixon attempted to solve the problem by implementing his New Economic Policy. -
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The 1970s
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The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
The U.S Environmental Protection Agency is an agency of the federal government of the U.S which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.The EPA is not a Cabinet department, but the Administrator is normally given cabinet rank. Under President Obama, the EPA began to impose regulations of carbon emissions from cars and power plants; including other industries who contributed to climate change. -
The Watergate Scandal
The Watergate Scandal was the biggest presidential scandal in the United States.The Nixon administration committed during the '72 presidential election where hired "goons" broke into Democrat HQ at Watergate hotel for any dirt.Nixon tried tocover it up but information was found on his tapes. This scandal revealed several other dirty plays Nixon's administration did the years leading up to the election and forced him to resign. It killed the faith the public had in politicians. -
Title IX
Title IX, a part of the Education Amendments of 1972, was the provision of the 1972 Education Amendments that prohibited gender discrimination and opened sports and other areas to women. It applies to institutions that receive federal financial assistance from ED, including state & local educational agencies. Educational programs & activities that receive ED funds must operate in a nondiscriminatory manner. -
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
The purpose of OPEC for members is to coordinate &unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries &ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient,economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers,a steady income to producers & a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.Controls Middle Eastern natural resources. Members are Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Indonesia, U.A.E, Nigeria, Equador, Angola, Algeria. -
The Endangered Species Act
The Endangered Species Act identifies threatened and endangered species in the U.S., and puts their protection ahead of economic consideration. It also defined what they meant by endangered/threatened. The three departments that oversaw it were the Department of the Interior, Department of Agriculture, and Department of Defense. Congress amended the act to: species in danger worldwide extinction by limiting their importation/sale. -
The Heritage Foundation
The Heritage Foundation is an American conservative public policy think tank based in Washington,D.C. The foundation took a leading role in the conservative movement during the presidency of Ronald Reagan,whose policies were taken from Heritage's policy study Mandate for Leadership.Heritage has since continued to have a significant influence in U.S.public policy making,& is considered to be one of the most influential conservative research organizations in the U.S,fighting against liberal views. -
Presidency of Gerald Ford
He succeeded to the presidency upon Nixon's resignation in August 1974, after he resigned over the Watergate Scandal, and focused his brief administration on containing inflation and reviving public faith in the presidency. He was defeated narrowly by Jimmy Carter in 1976.A longtime Republican congressman from Michigan,Ford had been appointed vice president less than a year earlier by President Nixon.He is credited with helping to restore public confidence in government. -
The Panama Canal Tready of 1977
On September 7th, 1977, President Jimmy Carter & Panamanian dictator Omar Torrijos signed a treaty agreeing to gradually transfer control of the Panama Canal from the U.S to Panama. They provided for the transfer of canal ownership to Panama in 1999 and guaranteed its neutrality. -
Rap Music
Hip Hop/Rap music originated in African American communities in NYC in the 1970s &became more mainstream & part of pop culture in the mid to late 1980s.Hip-hop music originally had a difficult time breaking into the mainstream, but eventually was accepted and popularized. It became integrated by things like MTV and similar things. -
AIDS crisis
The AIDS epidemic,caused by HIV,found its way to the U.S as early as 1960 but was first noticed after doctors discovered clusters of Kaposi's sarcoma & pneumocystis pneumonia in young gay men in Los Angeles,New York City,& San Francisco in 1981. People used it to justify thier beliefs that being gay was wrong. Many people were terrified of the disease it spread a wave of homophobia. -
Presidential Election of 1980
The United States presidential election of 1980 featured a contest between incumbent Democrat Jimmy Carter & his Republican opponent, Ronald Reagan, as well as Republican Congressman John B. Anderson,who ran as an independent. Reagan, aided by the Iran hostage crisis & a worsening economy at home, won the election in a landslide. Carter,after defeating Ted Kennedy for the Democratic nomination, attacked Reagan as a dangerous right-wing radical. Nevertheless, Reagan ridiculed Carter & triumphed. -
The Discount Retailing
The 80s were defined in many ways by materialism & consumerism The rise of technology innovation, fashion,music led to discount industries that delivered all of the needs & trends.Following Costco,Walmart opened its own membership club concept in the form of Sam’s Club,named after Walmart founder Sam Walton. This sense of materialism is still instilled in society today. -
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1980s
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Sandra Day O'Connor
Sandra Day O'Connor was the first woman to be in the Supreme Court. Appointed by Ronald Regan, O'Connor was an Associate Justice from 1981 until 2006. She will always be remembered as acting as a sturdy guiding hand in the court’s decisions.In 2009, her accomplishments were acknowledged by President Obama, honoring her Presidential Medal of Freedom. -
First Shuttle Launch
The first launch of the Space Shuttle occurred on 12 April 1981,exactly 20 years after the first manned space flight,when the orbiter Columbia, with two crew members, astronauts John W. Young, commander,& Robert L. Crippen, pilot, lifted off from Pad A, Launch Complex 39,at the Kennedy Space Center.It launched satellites and served as an orbiting science laboratory.Its crews repaired & improved other spacecraft, such as the Hubble Space Telescope.The shuttle also flew missions for the military. -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
The Fall of the Berlin Wall occurred on November 9th, 1989 when it was announced that citizens of East Germany could cross over to the west at midnight. Thousands crossed that night and used tools to break down the wall. It was the symbolic end of the Soviet influence in Europe and was the first time that Berlin was united since 1945. It led to a year later East and West Germany being officially reunified on October 3rd, 1990. -
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The 1990s
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Presidential Election of 1992
Democrats chose Bill Clinton (despite accusations of womanizing, drug use, and draft evasion) and Albert Gore Jr. as his running mate. Republicans chose Bush for another election and J. Danforth Quayle as his running mate. Third candidate Ross Perot added color to the election by getting 19.7 million votes in the election (no elecctoral votes though), but Clinton won, 370 to 168 in the Electoral College. Democrats also got control of both the House and the Senate. -
Rodney King Incident
The Rodney King incident was when video footage was taken of the police beating an African american after a 115-mph chase throughout LA ended with him allegedly lunging at on of the officers. He received 56 blows from nightsticks while a dozen other officers stood by and watched. It led to many riots in the Los Angeles area throughout April and May. -
The Health Care Reform
This was a 1993 health care reform package under the Clinton Administration that required each US citizen and permanent resident alien to become enrolled in a qualified health plan.The Health Care bill was defended by Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell in Congress but was ultimately defeated in 1994 because there were not enough Democratic Senators behind a single proposal to pass a bill. abuse & more. -
World Trade Center Attack (1993)
On February 26,1993,terrorists drove a rental van into a parking garage under the World Trade Center’s twin towers & lit the fuses on a homemade bomb stuffed inside.Six people died & more than 1,000 were injured in the massive explosion,which carved out a crater several stories deep and propelled smoke into the upper reaches of the skyscrapers.At the time,it was one of the worst terrorist attacks ever to occur on U.S. soil until the 2001 terrorist attacks. -
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
NAFTA established free trade zone between Canada, United States and Mexico, net gain in jobs due to opening of Mexican marketsTariffs were eliminated progressively and all duties and quantitative restrictions, with the exception of those on a limited number of agricultural products traded with Canada, were eliminated by 2008. -
DOMA (Defense Of Marriage Act)
Law passed by Republican Congress and signed by Clinton in election year, defining marriage as "between one man and one woman" and hat specifically denied to same-sex couples all benefits & recognition given to opposite-sex couples.hose benefits included more than 1,000 federal protections & privileges, such as the legal recognition of relationships, access to a partner’s employment benefits, joint tax returns and tax exemptions, immigration or residency for noncitizen partners and other things. -
The Welfare Reform Act
The Welfare Reform Act of 1996,also known as the Personal Responsibility & Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act,was signed into legislation by Bill Clinton on August 22,1996. It was the ederal government putting a cap on lifetime benefits for welfare recipients and stipulating job training & work requirements.It encouraged many to seek employment & work.It replaced the AFDC with TANF,making access to childcare effectively,& created more job opportunities for recipients. -
George W. Bush Presidency
George W. Bush was a Republican governor of Texas then became a Republican nominee in the election of 2000. He was also the eldest son of George H. W. Bush. He won presidential race after the Democratic nominee Al Gore conceded following a voting ordeal in Florida. Gore had more popular votes than Bush but fewer electoral votes He became America’s 43rd president and served two terms in office from 2001-2009. Bush’s time in office was shaped by the September 11 terrorist attacks. -
The 9/11 Attacks
The 9/11 attacks were terrorist attacks in which four planes were used as missiles used to take down the world trade center twin towers so they essentially took down the symbol of US financial power, they were the deadliest attack on US soil; it led to far- reaching changes in American life such as the patriot act and way more intense airport and airplane security. It also led to the war on terror. -
The Patriot Act
Security concerns after the 9/11 attacks led to new federal legislations by law enforcements & intelligence agencies.It sought to prevent further terrorist attacks by allowing greater government access to electronic communications and other information and overall strengthen domestic security; criticized by some as violating civil liberties. It was very contreversial and remains to this day. Many see it as an invasion of privacy. -
No Child Left Behind Education Act
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is part of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Schools with low-income families are given Title I funds to use toward improvement. States must develop proficiency standards for math and reading. No Child Left Behind also gives states and school districts the flexibility to use funds where they are needed most.It also mandates that all teachers should be licensed to teach and be highly qualified in the subject they are teaching. -
Hurricane Katrina
August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the U.S. When the storm made landfall, it had a Category 3 rating on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.The storm itself did a great deal of damage, but its aftermath was catastrophic. Levee breaches led to massive flooding, & many people charged that the federal government was slow to meet the needs of the people affected by the storm. many people fled to other cities. -
The Presidential Election of 2008
On November 4, 2008, after a campaign that lasted nearly two years, Americans elected Barack Obama their 44th president, which was historic, he was inaugurated on January 20, 2009, as the country’s first African American president. He also was the first sitting U.S. senator to win election to the presidency since John F. Kennedy. Obama defeated republican John McCain in a landslide. -
.The Great Recession of 2008
It officially began in December 2007 and ended in mid-2009, has had long-term lingering effects on unemployment, and was preceded by the largest housing bubble in US history, and was caused by short term economic thinking, speculation, and irresponsible spending. The situation became a full-fledged crisis, as banks stopped making loans, business dried up, and the stock market collapsed .It was also brought on by tax cuts and created deficits from surpluses as well as spending on the war & oil -
Barack Obama Presidency
Barack Obama was the 44th President of the United States. He was important because he was the first black president. He served two terms. Barack Obama's presidency changed history in the U.S. Imprtant things like the Affordable Care Act (Obama Care) were passed during his presidency. -
Sonia Sotomayor
After the election of 2008, Barack Obama's campaign on economic hope & change changes tactics & leads him to become the first African American President in the U.S history. Furthermore, through his administration, Obama nominates two women to the supreme court of justice. One of which is, Sonia Sotomayor, the first Hispanic as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the U.S, serving since Aug 2009.
