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Brown v Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. -
White Citizens Council
The Citizens' Councils were an associated network of white supremacists, extreme right organizations in the United States, concentrated in the South. Their main purpose was to continue the racial injustice in the south and give states the right to oppose integration of African Americans. -
Lynching of Emmett Till
Emmett Louis Till was a 14-year-old African American who was lynched in Mississippi in after being accused of offending a white woman in her family's grocery store. Emmett was originally from Chicago where the racial injustice wasn't as violent. He was beaten to death and thrown in a river. The family wanted an open casket funeral to show what the racist KKK groups were doing. -
Rosa Parks Arrested
Rosa Parks, an African American, chose to take a seat on the bus on her ride home from work. Because she sat down and refused to give up her seat to a white passenger, she was arrested for disobeying an Alabama law requiring black people to relinquish seats to white people when the bus was full. -
Montgomery bus boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was an important event in the civil rights movement because it began implementing progressive action into the deep south. -
Bombing Of Martin Luther Kings House
Martin Luther King Jr.’s house was bombed by segregationists in retaliation for the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. MLK was not home and luckily no one was harmed. -
Brown II
Board of Education II (often called Brown II) was a Supreme Court case decided in 1955. The year before, the Supreme Court had decided Brown v. Board of Education. In Brown II, the Court ordered them to integrate their schools "with all deliberate speed." -
Bombing of Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth
Ku Klux Klan members in Alabama bombed the home of civil rights activist Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth. Shuttlesworth was home at the time of the bombing with his family and two members of Bethel Baptist Church. The KKK members placed dynamite inside the house and destroyed the home as well as part of the church next door. No one was harmed in the bombing. However, KKK members tried to murder Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth four more times after this incident. -
Eisenhower Sends in Federal Troops
During the integration of Little rock Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a year of integration, the governor of little rock closed the school to avoid any further integration of African Americans. -
SCLC Founded
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr., had a large role in the American civil rights movement. -
Greensboro sit ins
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in February to July 1960, primarily in the Woolworth store, now the International Civil Rights Center and Museum, in Greensboro, North Carolina. This was a way for people to actively participate against segregation in the south. -
SNCC Formed
SNCC stands for The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. the organization was formed by Black college students dedicated to overturning segregation in the South and giving young Blacks a stronger voice in the civil rights movement in America. -
Freedom Rides
Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, bus trips through the South to protest segregated bus terminals. -
White mob attacks federal marshals in Montgomery
The Montgomery bus boycotts were sweeping the nation in progressive action. Black and whites alike were riding these busses into the deep south to show people the segregation laws don't mean anything to them. This made the white mobs of the south very angry and they began attacking these people. -
Albany Georgia “failure”
Albany Movement conducted a broad campaign in Albany, Georgia, that challenged all forms of segregation and discrimination. King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) temporarily joined the coalition, attracting national publicity to Albany. This was a failure because most of the protestors were arrested by the police and put into jails where they served minimal sentences. -
Bailey v. Patterson
seeking injunctions to enforce their constitutional rights to nonsegregated service in interstate and intrastate transportation. -
MLK goes to a Birmingham jail
In 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested and sent to jail because he and others were protesting the treatment of blacks in Birmingham, Alabama. He was arrested because he was protesting. In Alabama, Blacks were treated horribly, with segregation in almost all parts of life. He wrote letters from jail on ideas and principles that must continue to help those protesting. -
March on Washington “I have a Dream”
The march on Washington was a display by 250,000 people who gathered around the Lincoln memorial to fight for freedom and jobs. this march made people aware of the inequalities for African Americans. This was also where MLK made his "I have a dream" speech. -
Kennedy sends in Federal Troops
At the University of Alabama, African American students were not given the chance to attend school. once it was put into law they still did not follow. Because of this John F. Kennedy federalized National Guard troops and deployed them to the University of Alabama to force its desegregation. The next day, Governor Wallace yielded to the federal pressure. -
Equal Pay Act
Equal Pay Act. The Equal Pay Act requires that men and women be given equal pay for equal work in the same establishment. The jobs need not be identical, but they must be substantially equal. -
Assassination of Medgar Evers
was an American civil rights activist in Mississippi, the state's field secretary for the NAACP, and a World War II veteran who had served in the United States Army. He worked to overturn segregation at the University of Mississippi. Evers was assassinated by a member of the White Citizens' Council in Jackson, Mississippi. This group was formed in 1954 in Mississippi to resist the integration of schools and civil rights activism. Because he was a veteran he was buried with full military honors. -
Bombing of a church in Birmingham
One of the oldest and biggest black churches in Birmingham was a big target for racists because it was a meeting center for the Civil rights groups. The church was bombed one Sunday morning before a church service. The fatalities included 4 young girls. -
Assassination of JFK
was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. JFK was riding in a parade on a sunny day in Dallas, Texas. He suspects nothing. Lee Harvey Oswald had planned an ambush and killed the president of the United States. -
Freedom Summer
Freedom summer was a volunteer campaign that tried to register African American voters so they can have a say in politics. By 1962 Mississippi had 5.2% of African American voters. -
XXIV (24th) Amendment
The Twenty-fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. -
Killing of Goodman, Chaney, Schwerner
also known as the Freedom Summer murders, or the Mississippi Burning murders, involved three activists who were abducted and murdered in Neshoba County, Mississippi. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations. -
Assassination of Malcolm X
Malcolm X, was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. Later is assassinated by rival Black Muslims while addressing his Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights. -
Selma to Montgomery March
to try and gain African American voters MLK and others led a 54-mile long march into the city of Montgomery. Once the protesters entered the city they were met with violence from local authorities and white vigilante groups. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. -
Black Panthers Formed
The black panther party was originally made for self-defense in the changing social community. There was a lot of tension between African Americans and whites due to the progressive actions of the black community. -
Minneapolis Riots
in the summer of 1967, Plymouth Avenue in Minneapolis went up in flames. Young blacks rebelled against the unjust power structure and set fire to a storefront. A riot began and hundreds of National Guard troops were deployed to the area. -
Detroit Riots
The 1967 Detroit Riot, also known as the 12th Street Riot, The riots were mainly of confrontations between black residents and the Detroit Police Department. This began with an unlawful search of a black-owned bar. the days to follow spread Havok throughout the city. -
Loving v. Virginia
Loving v. Virginia was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that struck down laws banning interracial marriage as violations of the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment -
Assassination of MLK
Martin Luther King Jr was an important figure during the civil rights era. He helped show people the importance of racial equality. MLK was fatally shot at the lorane motel, Memphis Tennessee. He was rushed to the hospital but unfortunately died hours later. -
Assassination of Robert “Bobby” Kennedy
Robert Francis Kennedy, sometimes referred to by the initials RFK, was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964. Robert was shot and mortally wounded shortly after midnight.
