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Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
Owners of plantations in the South had a challenge to find help working the lands the slaves used to farm. They took advantage of slaves who wanted to make their own farms. -
Black Codes
These codes were passed after the civil war. The laws were made to restrict the black people's freedom and making them work with low wages. -
13th Amendment
No slavery shall exist in any state. -
14th Amendment
A person born in the US is a citizen. No state can take away life, liberty, and property. -
15th Amendment
Citizens have the right to vote. No state can deny anyone the right to vote due to race or religion. -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow in the 1830s has become an expression meaning a black person. When the south passed laws about racial segregation directed towards blacks and became known as the Jim Crow Laws. -
Lynching
When someone is killed without a trial as a form of punishment. People in the South mostly blamed the newly freed slaves for their financial troubles, lynchings then became popular for white men to let their anger out towards the black people. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
The US supreme court challenged segregation under "Separate but equal". It's origin was from 1894 when an african-american train passenger refused to sit in in a Jim Crow car. -
CORE
CORE: Congress Of Racial Equality
Was founded in 1942. Began one of the earliest racial equality movements. -
Desegregation
Ending of political racial segregation. This was common in schools, restaurants, restrooms, and even water fountains. -
Civil Disobedience
This is when refusing to pay taxes and/or disobey laws as a form of non-violent protesting. -
Brown v. Board of education
1896s Plessy vs Ferguson decision allowed "separate but equal" in schools. The Brown vs board of education helped break state-sponsored education and helped to start the civil rights movement. -
Emmet Till
Emmet Till was 14 years old when he was murdered by 2 white men for 'flirting' with a white woman. The boy was tortured to death and the white men were set free not guilty. -
Rosa Park
Rosa Park border the Cleveland Avenue bus, when the bus was full she refused to give up her seat for a white man. She launched efforts to end bus segregation. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
African Americans refused to ride city buses to protest against segregation in public transportation. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin was born in January 5, 1929. He became pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in 1954. King appeared wherever there was injustice to fight with non-violent resistance. -
Orval Faubus
Ordered gunmen to block the enrollment nine black students who were ordered by a federal judge to attend the school. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops to Little Rock to make sure the judge's orders were obeyed. -
SCLC
SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Founded in 1957. The beginnings started by the Montgomery boycott. -
Little Rock Nine
In 1954 the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was unconstitutional. On September 4th first day of school at Central High the governor of Arkansas blocked the student's entry to the school. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a law into the civil rights act of 1957. It was signed to protect civil rights. -
Non-violent protest
Protesting without violence or when struck at they do not strike back. More commonly used in peace rallies. -
Sit-ins
4 african american students went to a 'whites only' counter in a restaurant. When service was refused they sat at the counter patiently and quietly. -
Affirmative Action
President John F. Kennedy required government contractors to take action and make sure employees are treated right. -
Freedom Riders
13 African american students civil rights activist created the freedom riders. It was created so they went on bus trips to protest against segregation in bus terminals. -
Cesar Chavez
Founded the National Farm Workers Association. Using nonviolent protest Cesar Chaves brought attention to boycotts, hunger strikes, and marches. -
Ole Miss Integration
On September 1962 students and locals who agreed with segregation started riots. The riots were about James Meredith, a black man wanting to integrate an all-white school -
Betty Friedan
She experimented with the idea of women outside of their traditional roles. She helped advance the women's rights movement. -
March On Washington
More than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington DC for a rally for jobs and freedom. -
U of Alabama Integration
When African American students tried to enroll in an Alabama school the governor George Wallace blocked the school entrance. On June president John F. Kennedy forced Alabama to desegregate. -
Stokely Carmichael
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee made the summer of 1964 the "freedom summer". To register blacks in the deep South. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Ended public segregation. It also banned discrimination against race, color, religion, or sex. First proposed by president John F. Kennedy. -
Lester Maddox
He violated the newly signed federal civil rights act by refusing to serve 3 black Georgia students. Lester waved a pistol at them and some customers joined him. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was born in July 2, 1908. In 1954 he won the case of Brown vs Board of education where racial segregation ended in public schools. He then died in January 24, 1993. -
Watts Riots
In Los Angeles 2 policemen arrested a black man for suspected drunk driving. Witnesses saw how the policemen abused their power against blacks. -
Black Panthers
Their purpose was to patrol black neighborhoods to protect the people in them. It's original name was Black Panther Party for Self Defense. -
Title IX (9)
No one can be denied the right to have an education. No mater the sex. Everyone will have the right to educational programs. -
George Wallace
Served 4 terms as Alabama governor. He is mostly remembered for supporting racial segregation. -
Hector P. Garcia
In 1984 Hector was the first Mexican-American to receive an honor. There is now a memorial of Garcia on the Texas A&M campus.
