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Period: 476 to 1492
Feudalism
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was the combination of the legal, economic, military, and cultural customs that flourished in medieval Europe -
527
reign of Justinian 527-565
Justinian came to rule Byzantium thanks to the ambition of his uncle, who proclaimed himself emperor with the support of the army and named him heir. Upon being crowned in 527, Justinian aimed to restore the glory of the Roman Empire. -
528
Conquer the Byzantines
The Byzantines conquered much of the lost territory of the Western Roman Empire. -
632
Muhammad dies, spread of Islam begins
Shia Islam holds that Ali ibn Abi Talib was the designated successor of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as head of the community. Sunni Islam maintains that Abu Bakr as-Siddiq is the first leader after Muhammad on the basis of election. -
711
Muslim invasion of the Iberian Peninsula
They defeat the Visigothic army of King Rodrigo, victim of the treacherous betrayal of the sons of Vitiza and his relatives -
732
Battle of Poitiers
The Frankish troops, led by Carlos Martel, defeated in Tours, near Poitiers, the Muslim army that had entered Europe through the Iberian Peninsula 20 years earlier. With this victory they managed to stop the unstoppable advance of the soldiers of the Umayyad Caliphate -
751
Carolingio empire 751-843
began a policy of territorial expansion facing various Germanic and Muslim peoples in an attempt to conquer all the territories of the western empire -
843
Treaty of Verdun
Representatives of the three brothers met in the city of Verdun and signed the first great agreement in modern Europe, known precisely as the Treaty of Verdun. In him it was established that Luis would not only rule over Bavaria, but over all the territories between the Rhine and the Elbe. -
905
Navarre becomes an independent kingdom
After the death without issue of Alfonso I El Batallador, Navarre achieved its independence from the Aragonese by electing García Ramírez V, El Restaurador as king -
1081
Henry IV is crowned Emperor of Rome
He was crowned emperor in Rome by Antipope Clement III -
1095
Council of Clermont: Urban II exposes the need for a Holy War against the Turks
summoning rich and poor alike to stop their in-fighting and embark on a righteous war to help their fellow Christians in the East and take back Jerusalem. -
1096
Battle of Civetot (Seljuk victory)
Brought an end to the People's Crusade, which was a poorly-armed movement of lower-class pilgrims of the First Crusade distinct from the subsequent and much more well-known Princes' Crusade. -
Period: 1096 to 1272
Crusades
It is a military confrontation between Christians and Muslims -
Period: 1096 to 1099
First Crusade
It was a military campaign by Western European forces to recapture the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control. Organized by Pope Urban II following the Byzantine Emperor's call for help -
1105
Henry IV is forced to abdicate
He tried to regain his throne with the assistance of Lotharingian aristocrats, but became ill and died without receiving absolution from his excommunication. -
1122
Concordat of Worms
Is the agreement that puts an end to the investiture dispute is the agreement that puts an end to the investiture dispute -
Period: 1144 to 1148
Second Crusade
The crusaders then attacked Damascus, a Muslim city that had been allied to the Christians until the attack. -
1148
Siege of Damascus (decisive Muslim victory)
Its result was a decisive victory for the Muslim forces and the end of the crusade. The two main forces that marched to the Holy Land in response to Pope Eugene III's call were led by Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany. -
1189
Siege of Acre (decisive Crusader victory)
Saladin decisively defeated the Crusaders at the Battle of Hattin, he conquered much of the Kingdom of Jerusalem without much opposition, including Acre and Jerusalem itself. -
Period: 1189 to 1190
Third Crusade
Reconquer Jerusalem, recently lost and now defended by Saladin. But the Crusader leaders differed in their strategies: while the French advocated taking the great city, the English preferred to consolidate their dominance of the coast before going inland. -
Period: 1198 to 1204
Fourth Crusade
Take Jerusalem, which had been in Saladin's power since 1187. Innocent III fomented the crusade to recover the city, and the soldiers were enlisted for it, not to see Constantinople fall. -
1202
Siege of Zara (crusader victory)
It was the first major action of the Fourth Crusade. It was the first Crusader attack against a Catholic city, the city of Zara (modern Zadar, Croatia). The Battle of Zara, by Gustave Doré (19th century) -
Period: 1217 to 1222
Fifth Crusade
Military actions from Western Europe to retake Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first defeating the powerful Ayyubid state of Egypt -
Period: 1228 to 1228
Sixth Crusade
Military expedition to recapture Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land initiated by Emperor Frederick II. It began seven years after the failure of the Fifth Crusade and involved very little fighting. -
1230
Plague outbreak
The chroniclers mention an outbreak of plague coinciding with the conquest of Mallorco, as a result of the massacre inflicted on the inhabitants after the siege of Palma. -
Period: 1230 to 1524
Black Death
It is a serious bacterial infection transmitted mainly by fleas. The organism that causes bubonic plague, Yersinia pestis, lives in small rodents. -
Period: 1248 to 1254
Seventh Crusade
Led by Louis IX of France. Also known as Louis IX's Crusade to the Holy Land, its goal was to recapture the Holy Land by attacking through Egypt, the main seat of Muslim power in the Near East. -
Period: 1270 to 1270
Eighth Crusade
The failed military campaign that the French king Louis IX carried out in Tunisia in 1270. The objective, which was not achieved, was the conversion to Christianity of the emir of the city and the extension of this religion throughout the bordering territory. -
Period: 1271 to 1272
Ninth Crusade
Considered to be part of the eighth the Muslim victory crusade Stalemate. End of the Crusades in the Near East. Beginning of the end of the Christian states in the Levant. -
1346
Use of bacteriological weapons
The Mongols besieged the Genoese colony of Kaffa, Crimea. In this siege there was one of the first uses of bacteriological weapons in history, when the Mongols launched with their catapults pieces of corpses infected with the plague towards the interior of the city walls. -
1347
The epidemic spreads
Although the Genoese managed to resist and defeat the Mongols, several merchants who escaped by ship from the city carried the epidemic to Genoa, from where it spread throughout Italy in this year. Thus began the nightmare that would awaken Europe from its medieval lethargy. -
1348
The plague had already spread
The plague had already spread throughout most of Europe, also ravaging Asia and even Africa. This rapid spread was helped by factors such as the lack of knowledge about epidemics at the time. -
1349
Mallorca defends itself
The Government took charge of Mallorca to send troops to defend the even more depopulated Menorca against attack. -
Oct 12, 1492
Colon discovers America
The end of the Middle Ages is determined by the arrival in America of an expedition from the Iberian Peninsula led by Christopher Columbus by order of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabel de Castilla and Fernando de Aragón. -
1493
Edict
An edict was published prohibiting the landing of travelers and merchandise from areas where there was the plague -
1524
End of the plague
When a bone from the arm of Saint Sebastian arrived in Palma de Rhodes and there was a miraculous end to the plague of 1523-1524, he was declared the patron saint of the city.