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Period: 1095 to 1291
The crusades
A series of battles between Christians and Muslims over the "holy land" of Jerusalem. -
Oct 20, 1097
Siege of Antioch
The arrival of the Crusades in the Holy Land, by capturing Antioch, the crusaders set lines of supply and reinforcement to the west. -
May 7, 1104
Battle of Harran
The defeat at Harran (in southeastern Turkey) was the first suffered by the crusader states and demonstrated the limits to Christian expansion. -
Nov 28, 1144
Siege of Edessa
After victory at the Battle of Harran, the Muslim forces in the Holy Land fractured into warring factions. In 1128 Zengi of Mosul captured Aleppo and cowed neighboring Muslim rulers into submission. -
Jul 1, 1147
Battle of Lisbon
The capture of the city of Lisbon from the Almoravid Muslims was a by-product of the Second Crusade to the Holy Land and one of the few Christian victories of that campaign. It proved to be a pivotal turning point in the history of Portugal as it mutated from being a subordinate vassal of Leon into an independent Christian kingdom. -
Jul 23, 1148
Siege of Damascus
The defeat of the Second Crusade at Damascus ensured that the Christian crusader states in the Holy Land would remain on the defensive for the foreseeable future. There was no longer any realistic prospect of expansion so the Christians were confined to small states surrounded by larger and more powerful Muslim enemies. -
Oct 4, 1187
Battle of Hattin
Battle in northern Palestine that marked the defeat and annihilation of the Christian Crusader armies of Guy de Lusignan, king of Jerusalem (reigned 1186–92), by the Muslim forces of Saladin. It paved the way for the Muslim reconquest of the city of Jerusalem. -
Aug 5, 1192
Battle of Jaffa
The final battle of the Third Crusade led directly to a peace deal between England’s King Richard the Lionheart and Muslim leader Saladin that restricted the Christian presence in the Holy Land to a thin coastal strip, but ensured its prescence for a while. -
Period: 1200 to
Feudalism
An unfair way of ruling, like a monarchy. It was divided into a hierarchy of four, kings, nobles, knights and peasants. Kings and nobles had unfair privilages as well as knights, however peasents were overworked and had extensive taxes to pay.This system was almost like a cult worshiping the king or the "feudal lord".Loyalty to him was the most important thing. -
1346
The Bubonic Plague
Also known as the Black Death, it was a plague that traveled on ships and very easily at that. Everyone who got this died, and the person who treated them even with the masks (birdlike) were also infected. Around 25 million people died and the only way this went away was due to everyone leaving and being in quarantine.