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Hitler is appointed Chancellor
Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul Hindenburg without an election by the people. Many are skeptical about Hitler and believe he can be manipulated easily by veteran politicians. -
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German rights are discontinued
The German government takes away many rights from the German people such as the freedom of speech, press, assembly, and searches without warrant. -
Franklin D Roosevelt Inaugurated
FDR is inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States -
First Concentration Camp Opened
The first concentration camp is opened in Dachau, Germany. The only prisoners were political prisoners from other countries and Germany. -
A nationwide boycott of Jewish-owned businesses in Germany is carried out under Nazi leadership
All Jewish businesses were boycotted by the German Government so that the businesses would not be shopped at on April 1st, 1933 as protest against the Jews. -
Jews are barred from government service; Jewish civil servants, including University professors and school teachers, are fired from their positions.
All Jewish men and women who hold jobs are fired leading to a mass number of Jews becoming unemployed. -
The law against "overcrowding in German schools and universities" is adopted, restricting the number of Jewish children allowed to attend. Children of war veterans and those with one non-Jewish parent are initially exempted.
German government passes a law only allowing a set amount of Jewish children in every school with only children of veterans and are half jewish being accepted into pulbic schools. -
Books by Jews and opponents of Nazism are burned publicly.
A government sponsored burning of books that were authored by Jews or books that were against nazism or agression in war are burned. One of the books burned is "All Quiet on the Western Front." -
Laws are passed in Germany that permit the forced sterilization of Gypsies, the mentally and physically disabled, African-Germans, and others considered "inferior" or "unfit."
German parliament passes a law to sterilize groups like Gypsies, African-Germans. -
Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
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The Holocaust
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Adolph Hitler declares himself president and chancellor of the Third Reich after the death of Paul von Hindenburg.
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First major wave of arrests of homosexuals occurs throughout Germany, continuing into November.
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Period: to
The Holocaust
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The Saar region is annexed by Germany
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Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles by reimplementing the military draft
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Jehovah's Witnesses are banned from all civil service jobs and are arrested throughout Germany.
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"No Jews" signs and notices are posted outside German towns and villages, and outside shops and restaurants.
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Jews are prohibited from serving in the German armed forces.
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The Nuremberg Laws deprive German Jews of their citizenship.
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The Holocaust
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Jewish doctors are no longer permitted to practice in government institutions in Germany.
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Hitler's army invades the Rhineland.
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The first German Gypsies are arrested and deported to Dachau concentration camp.
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The Olympic Games take place in Berlin. Anti-Jewish signs (i.e., "Jews Not Welcome") are removed until the Games are completed.
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The German Olympics end
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The Ministry of Science and Education prohibits teaching by "non-Aryans" in public schools and bans private instruction by Jewish teachers.
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Period: to
The Holocaust
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Further restrictions are imposed on the number of Jewish students attending German schools.
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Buchenwald concentration camp opens.
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Jews can obtain passports for travel outside of Germany only in special cases.
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Period: to
The Holocaust
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Germany annexes Austria
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The German government passes a decree requiring the registration of all Gypsies without a fixed address living in Austria; by June 1938, all Gypsy children above the age of 14 have to be fingerprinted. This is a central part of the growing racial definiti
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Representatives from thirty-two countries meet at Evian, France, to discuss refugee policies. Most of the countries refuse to let in more Jewish refugees.
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The German government announces Jews must carry identification cards.
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An attempt is made by Herschel Grynzpan to assassinate a German diplomat in Paris.
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Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass"): Nazi organized nation-wide pogroms result in the burning of hundreds of synagogues; the looting and destruction of many Jewish homes, schools, and community offices; vandalism; and the looting of 7,500 Jewish store
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German Jews are ordered to pay one billion Reichsmarks in reparations for damages of Kristallinacht.
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All Jewish children are expelled from German schools and can attend only separate Jewish schools.
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Decrees ban Jews from public streets on certain days; Jews are forbidden drivers' licenses and car registrations.
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Jews must sell their businesses and real estate and hand over their securities and jewelry to the government at artificially low prices.
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Jews may no longer attend universities as teachers and/or students.
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Period: to
War Begins
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Germany invades and occupies Czechoslovakia.
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Cuba and the United States refuse to accept Jewish refugees aboard the ship S.S. St. Louis, which is forced to return to Europe.
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Two-thousand Gypsy males above the age of 16 are arrested in Burgenland Province (formerly Austria) and sent to Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camps; 1,000 Gypsy girls and women above the age of 15 are arrested and sent to the Ravensbruck concentrati
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Soviet-German Non-aggression Pact signed.
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The German army invades Poland and World War II begins.
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Jews are forced to turn in radios, cameras, and other electric objects to the police. Jews receive more restrictive ration coupons than other Germans. They do not receive coupons for meat, milk, etc. Jews also receive fewer and more limited clothing ratio
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Hitler extends powers to doctors to kill institutionalized mentally and physically disabled persons in the "euthanasia" program.
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Germans force Jews in Poland to wear a yellow Star of David on their chests or a blue-and-white Star of David armband.
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The first Polish ghetto is established.
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Period: to
Germany Invades Europe
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Approximately 164,000 Polish Jews are concentrated and imprisoned in the Lódz ghetto which is established and sealed off from the outside world.
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A concentration camp is established at Auschwitz, Poland.
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The German army invades and defeats Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and France.
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Anti-Jewish laws are passed by France's Vichy Government.
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The Warsaw ghetto is established.
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The Warsaw ghetto is closed off with approximately 500,000 inhabitants.
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Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia join the Axis Powers.
