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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler is appointed chancellor of Germany. -
German Goverment
The German government takes away freedom of speech, assembly, press, and freedom from invasion of privacy and from house search without warrant. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt is inaugurated President of the United States. -
Nazi Germany
The first concentration camp is established in Nazi Germany at Dachau. The first prisoners are political opponents. -
Jewish-Owned Businesses
A nationwide boycott of Jewish-owned businesses in Germany is carried out under Nazi leadership. -
Jews
Jews are barred from government service; Jewish civil servants, including University professors and school teachers, are fired from their positions. -
Law againest Jews
The law against "overcrowding in German schools and universities" is adopted, restricting the number of Jewish children allowed to attend. Children of war veterans and those with one non-Jewish parent are initially exempted. -
Books by Jews
Books by Jews and opponents of Nazism are burned publicly. -
Laws in Germany
Laws are passed in Germany that permit the forced sterilization of Gypsies, the mentally and physically disabled, African-Germans, and others considered "inferior" or "unfit." -
League of Nations
Germany withdraws from the League of Nations. -
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Schools
In all German schools it is officially taught that "non-Aryans" are racially inferior. Jewish children are prohibited from participating in "Aryan" sports clubs, school orchestras, and other extracurricular activities. Jewish children are banned from playgrounds, swimming pools, and parks in many German cities and towns. -
President and Chancellor
Adolph Hitler declares himself president and chancellor of the Third Reich after the death of Paul von Hindenburg. -
Arreset of homosexuals
First major wave of arrests of homosexuals occurs throughout Germany, continuing into November. -
Saar region
The Saar region is annexed by Germany. -
Hitler Violates Versailes Treaty
Hitler violates the Versailles Treaty by renewing the compulsory military draft. -
Jehovah Witnessess
Jehovah's Witnesses are banned from all civil service jobs and are arrested throughout Germany. -
Jews
"No Jews" signs and notices are posted outside German towns and villages, and outside shops and restaurants. -
German Armed forces
Jews are prohibited from serving in the German armed forces. -
Nuremberg Laws
The Nuremberg Laws deprive German Jews of their citizenship. -
Jewish Doctors
Jewish doctors are no longer permitted to practice in government institutions in Germany. -
Army
Hitler's army invades the Rhineland. -
German Gypsies
The first German Gypsies are arrested and deported to Dachau concentration camp. -
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Olympic Games
The Olympic Games take place in Berlin. Anti-Jewish signs (i.e., "Jews Not Welcome") are removed until the Games are completed. -
Public Schools
The Ministry of Science and Education prohibits teaching by "non-Aryans" in public schools and bans private instruction by Jewish teachers. -
German Schools
Further restrictions are imposed on the number of Jewish students attending German schools. -
Camp Opens
Buchenwald concentration camp opens. -
Passports
Jews can obtain passports for travel outside of Germany only in special cases. -
Germany annexes Austria.
Germany annexes Austria. -
Decree
The German government passes a decree requiring the registration of all Gypsies without a fixed address living in Austria; by June 1938, all Gypsy children above the age of 14 have to be fingerprinted. This is a central part of the growing racial definition of Gypsies as "criminally asocial." -
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Refugee policies
Representatives from thirty-two countries meet at Evian, France, to discuss refugee policies. Most of the countries refuse to let in more Jewish refugees. -
German Government
The German government announces Jews must carry identification cards. -
Asassinate
An attempt is made by Herschel Grynzpan to assassinate a German diplomat in Paris. -
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Jewish Woman are getting arrested
Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass"): Nazi organized nation-wide pogroms result in the burning of hundreds of synagogues; the looting and destruction of many Jewish homes, schools, and community offices; vandalism; and the looting of 7,500 Jewish stores. Many Jews are beaten, and more than 90 are killed. Thirty-thousand Jewish men are arrested and imprisoned in concentration camps. Several thousand Jewish women are arrested and sent to local jails. This is followed by a punitive fine to be pa -
One billion Reichsmarks
German Jews are ordered to pay one billion Reichsmarks in reparations for damages of Kristallinacht. -
Jewish Childern
All Jewish children are expelled from German schools and can attend only separate Jewish schools. -
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Public Streeets
Decrees ban Jews from public streets on certain days; Jews are forbidden drivers' licenses and car registrations. -
Sell businesses and Real estate
Jews must sell their businesses and real estate and hand over their securities and jewelry to the government at artificially low prices. -
Universities
Jews may no longer attend universities as teachers and/or students. -
German invades and defeats Denmark
The German army invades and defeats Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and France. -
Invades
Germany invades and occupies Czechoslovakia. -
Gypsy Males
Two-thousand Gypsy males above the age of 16 are arrested in Burgenland Province (formerly Austria) and sent to Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camps; 1,000 Gypsy girls and women above the age of 15 are arrested and sent to the Ravensbruck concentration camp. -
Jewish Refugees
Cuba and the United States refuse to accept Jewish refugees aboard the ship S.S. St. Louis, which is forced to return to Europe. -
Soviet-German Non-aggression Pact signed.
Soviet-German Non-aggression Pact signed. -
Invades Poland
The German army invades Poland and World War II begins. -
Jews are being forced to do things because of the Germans
Jews are forced to turn in radios, cameras, and other electric objects to the police. Jews receive more restrictive ration coupons than other Germans. They do not receive coupons for meat, milk, etc. Jews also receive fewer and more limited clothing ration cards than do Germans. -
Hitler gets power
Hitler extends powers to doctors to kill institutionalized mentally and physically disabled persons in the "euthanasia" program. -
Germans was forcing jews in Poland
Germans force Jews in Poland to wear a yellow Star of David on their chests or a blue-and-white Star of David armband. -
Polish ghetto
The first Polish ghetto is established. -
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Jews are concentrated and imprisoned
Approximately 164,000 Polish Jews are concentrated and imprisoned in the Lódz ghetto which is established and sealed off from the outside world. -
Concentration camp
A concentration camp is established at Auschwitz, Poland. -
Anti-Jews
Anti-Jewish laws are passed by France's Vichy Government. -
Warsaw ghetto
The Warsaw ghetto is established. -
Warsaw ghetto
The Warsaw ghetto is closed off with approximately 500,000 inhabitants. -
Axis powers
Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia join the Axis Powers. -
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Killing in moblie gas vans
Five thousand Austrian Gypsies from the Lódz ghetto are deported to the killing center at Chelmno where they are all killed in mobile gas vans. -
Expelled from public schools
Gypsy and African-German children are expelled from public schools. -
German invades North Africa
The German army invades North Africa. -
German invades
The German army invades Yugoslavia and Greece. -
Law condemning adult jews
Romania passes law condemning adult Jews to forced labor. -
German army invades Soviet Union
The German army invades the Soviet Union. The Einsatzgruppen, mobile killing squads, begin the mass murders of Jews, Gypsies, and Communist leaders. -
Civil rights of French Jews
The French Vichy government revokes civil rights of French Jews in North Africa. -
Yellow star of Davis sewed
German Jews above the age of six are forced to wear a yellow Star of David sewed on the left side of their clothes with the word "Jude" printed in black. -
Soviet prisoners of war and polish prisoners
Soviet prisoners of war and Polish prisoners are killed in Nazi test of gas chambers at Auschwitz in occupied Poland. -
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Jews are murdered
Nearly 34,000 Jews are murdered by mobile killing squads at Babi Yar, near Kiev in the Ukraine. -
Auschwitz camp
Construction begins on Birkenau, an addition to the Auschwitz camp. Birkenau includes a killing center which begins operations in early 1942. -
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Jews are deported to the ghettos
First group of German and Austrian Jews are deported to ghettos in eastern Europe. -
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Gpysies are deporting
Five thousand Gypsies are deported from labor and internment camps in Austria to the Lódz ghetto in Poland. -
Japan attacks
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. -
Chelmno death camp
The Chelmno death camp opens near Lódz, Poland and the first gassing of victims in mobile gas vans occurs. -
Germany
Germany declares war on the United States. -
Ghetto
Jews in the Lódz ghetto are deported to the killing center at Chelmno. -
Government leaders
Fifteen Nazi and government leaders meet at Wannsee, a section of Berlin, to discuss the "final solution to the Jewish question". -
Externination camps
Nazi "extermination" camps located in occupied Poland at Auschwitz, Birkenau, Treblinka, Sobibor, Belzec, and Majdanek-Lublin begins mass murder of Jews in gas chambers. -
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Jews arrives in the Lodz ghetto
Approximately ten thousand Jews, who had arrived in the Lódz ghetto some six months earlier from Germany, Luxembourg, Vienna, and Prague, are deported to Chelmno. Their baggage is confiscated before they board the train. -
Death camp
Treblinka death camp opens. Jews in France and the Netherlands are required to wear identifying Stars of David. -
German government
The German government closes all Jewish schools. -
Jewish fighting
Jewish fighting organizations established in the Warsaw ghetto. -
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Ghetto
Approximately fifteen thousand Jews in the Lódz ghetto are deported to Chelmno, mostly children under ten and individuals over sixty-five, but also others who are too weak or ill to work. By September 16, approximately fifty-five thousand Jews have been deported to the killing center at Chelmno. -
Jews in Concentration camps
All Jews in concentration camps in Germany are sent to death camp at Auschwitz. -
Special internetment camp
A special internment camp for non-Jewish Polish youth is opened in Lódz. -
Gypsies
All Gypsies in Germany and Nazi occupied countries, with few exceptions, are arrested and deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. -
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Warsaw ghetto
16 Jews in the Warsaw ghetto initiate resistance to deportation by the Germans to the death camps. -
Nazis ordered the ghettos into poland
The Nazis order all of the ghettos in Poland and the Soviet Union destroyed. -
Danish Citizens
The Danish citizens smuggle most of the nation's Jews to neutral Sweden. -
Treblinka rebel
The inmates at Treblinka rebel. -
Sobibor initiate an armed rebellion
The inmates at Sobibor initiate an armed rebellion. -
War regugee board
The War Refugee Board is established by President Franklin Roosevelt. -
German army
The German army invades Hungary. -
Nazis begin deporation
The Nazis begin deportation of Hungarian Jews. Over 430,000 Jews are sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau where most are gassed. -
Alled powers
The Allied Powers invade Normandy. -
German officers
German officers fail and are caught in an attempt to assassinate Hitler. -
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Deported
Seven thousand one hundred ninety-six Jews are deported from the Lódz ghetto to Chelmno where they are killed. -
Soviet Army
The Soviet Army liberates the Majdanek death camp. -
Prisoners
The prisoners at Auschwitz-Birkenau rebel and blow up one crematorium. -
Death marches
Nazis empty Auschwitz and start prisoners on "death marches" to Germany. -
Soviet army
The Soviet army liberates Auschwitz. -
Troops from the united states
Troops from the United States liberate survivors from the Buchenwald and Dachau concentration camps. -
Caught by the Advancing soviet army
Adolph Hitler commits suicide in his bunker in Berlin rather than be caught by the advancing Soviet army. -
Troops from the united states
Troops from the United States liberate Mauthausen concentration camp. -
Germany surrenders
Germany surrenders and war in Europe is ended. -
War crimes tribunal
The war crimes tribunal is convened at Nuremberg, Germany.
