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The Start Of Special Education
Begins in the early part of the 20th Century. Parents formed advocacy groups to help bring the educational needs of children with disabilities to the public eye.
[(http://www.specialednews.com)] -
Government Help
In 1961, President John F. Kennedy created the President’s Panel on Mental Retardation. The panel’s recommendations included federal aid to states.
(http://www.specialednews.com) -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which provided funding for primary education, and is seen by advocacy groups as expanding access to public education for children with disabilities.
(http://www.specialednews.com) -
Children with disabilities finally being noticed
By the 1970’s, only a relatively small number of children with disabilities were being educated in public schools.
Diana v. State Board of Education (1970)
(http://www.specialednews.com) -
Mills vs Board of Eduction
Since segregation was deemed unconstitutional, it was also unconstitutional to deny students with disabilities as education. http://usedulaw.com -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
Prohibited discrimination against those with disabilities in programs that received federal funding
https://www2.ed.gov -
(EHA) and (IDEA)
Two federal laws would change this: The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). -
Hendrick Hudson School v. Rowley
School sued due to interpreter being taken away from deaf student
Case offered a new interpretation of FAPE. Created a definition of FAPE and clarified that students don't have to have maximum support but enough to receive educational benefits
https://www.oyez.org -
The Handicapped Children's Protection Act
Parents were able to recover attorney fees if they won in a court case or hearing -
Individuals with Disabilities Act
Added traumatic brain injury and autism as new categories of disability Transition element for students age 16 or older was added,
http://www.fldoe.org/core/fileparse.php/7690/urlt/0070081-dha-resource2010.pdf -
The Idea Amendments
Changed the IEP department and added new components and
began requiring states to offer intervention efforts to parents before due process hearings -
No Child Left Behind Act
Reaction to the low academic achievement of American students
Began holding the government responsible for the gains for students academically and Standardized testing began.
Emphasizes educational programs and practices that have been proven effective through scientific research.Increases the choices available to the parents of students attending Title I schools. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2863&context=etd
http://www.k12.wa.us -
IDEA
The 2004 amendments to IDEA also allow states and localities to employ a response to intervention (RTI) framework and consider a student’s response to scientific,
research-based interventions when identifying students
with specific learning disabilities.
https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/idea35/history/idea-35-history.pdf -
Catching Up on a Federal Rule Involving Bias in Special Education
A federal district judge in Washington ruled this month that the U.S. Department of Education cannot delay implementation of a policy intended to draw closer attention to minority over-representation in special education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2019/03/20/catching-up-on-a-federal-rule-involving.html -
Charting the Next 15 Years of IDEA Progress P.L.
IDEA
progress for the next 15 years will require accepting the
challenge of the 1997 and 2004 amendments to IDEA to
not only ensure access to education but also improve
results for infants, toddlers, children, and youths with
disabilities and their families in each state and every
locality across the country
https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/idea35/history/idea-35-history.pdf