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Monarchs rules but noble families gained power via land in exchange for loyalty, tax $, and military support.
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nobles force King John, who was treating them harshly, to sign a document.
- limited power of Monarch - no one could be above the law.
- everyone could get equal treatment under the law.
- trial by ones pears. -
King develops a group that represents common people - Parliament
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- accept common law
- no ruler is above the law
- believe everyone should have basic rights protected
- believed should have a voice in gov't
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- 1st representative assembly / legislature in Eng. colonies
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Established a direct democracy.
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English writer - people are born free equal & independent
- born with natural rights to life, liberty & property that no gov't could take away
- gov't must maintain social contract
- people give up part of their freedom in exchange for protection of natural rights -
- 1st written constitution in America
- assembly of elected reps from each town to make laws
- popular election of governor & judges
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Parliament removes King James III & replaces him with his daughter Mary & her husband William
- from this time on, no ruler would have more power than Parliament -
- further restricted monarch's power
- guaranteed free elections to Parliament
- right to a fair trial
- eliminated cruel & unusual punishments
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- establish basis of US Constitution & Bill of Wrights
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- wrote the Social Contract
- people alone have the right to determine how they should be governed
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- divide branches of gov't into different parts to balance each other out so no one can become too strong
- these 2 men's ideas are cornerstone of declaration and constitution
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- Locke and Montesquieu were Enlightenment thinkers
- believed God had created an orderly universe
- the laws of the natural universe could be discovered through the use of human reason
- laws that governed natural also applied to human life & society
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- each colony has a governor elected by the colonist or appointed by the King
- each has a legislature with representatives elected by free adult males
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- colonist are not felling they have the rights of native English people because of taxes & limitations placed
- they had been self-sufficient, representative gov't for 100 & years
- the colonist where not turning back or stopping now - we'll have to fight for independence
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1st discussion of colonies for union against British gov't
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- can't live on the land west of Appalachian mountains, so as not to stir up the native Americans
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Tax on all paper goods
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Colonist must provide barracks & supplies to British troops
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Established Declaratory Act - Parliament has the right to tax & make decisions for American Colonist in all cases.
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Allowed Brit. gov't customs officers to enter anywhere suspected of smuggling (because many colonists were doing this because of taxes)
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5 people died, colonist weren't happy about the soldiers coming in.
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British could ship tea to the colonies without a tax making it cheaper to buy then colonial tea.
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Men dress as Indians and throw the British tea into the harbor, was done by Sons of Liberty.
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Write to King George III - we demand that you restore our rights as British citizens.
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Shoot heard around the world, 1st battle of the american revolution.
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It moved many undecided colonists toward the belief that independence was the only coarse of action.
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- list of complaints against King
- beliefs about individual rights
- pulled from ideas of Locke & Montesquieu