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1455
Printed Press
printed materials become much easier to transmit and copy the flow of information. -
Chalkboard
James Pillans offered a larger maps for his geography lessons then the classroom chalkboard was introduced in 1841 (Haran, 2015). -
Phonograph
It is a record player and it focuses on oral communication and listening skills with the aim of using the language in a social context (Vega, 2018) -
Radio
In the 1920s,BBC started instructional radio programs for schools (Bates, 2015). Language programmes on radio increase the students’ vocabulary knowledge and also pronunciation as students imitate the radio presenters (Odera, 2011) -
Typewriter
In the 1920’s typewriter was introduced to schools. According to Wood and Freeman typewriters can help students for learning English and spelling (Haran, 2015). Since it can help spelling it can also facilitate o enable students to better learn English, spelling and can enhance writing skills as well. -
Film Projector
On the American Revolution Edison contributed to the use of films in the classroom by producing a series (Haran, 2015). Film Projectors helped enhancing listening and speaking skills in terms of language teaching. -
The Army Method
Military language programs were started during World War II. Army method is an efficient way to provide language training in both civilian and military educational settings.That method effected language teaching for nearly a century (Bayuk, 1983). -
Language Lab
language labs has sound equipments,
computers and projectors etc. and they are beneficial for listening and speaking skills (Ammani, & Aparanjani, 2016). -
Television
For teaching television is the most efficient medium. It is both for eyes and ears .Teachers are able to record language teaching programmers by using cassettes (Ammani, & Aparanjani, 2016). -
Computer Assisted Language Learning
The autonomy, creativity, productivity, and teamwork of language learners are all enhanced by this innovative technology. Computer-assisted language learning and interactive pedagogy are employed as writing and research tools, to encourage debate and engagement, or to monitor language learners while they practice language or a skill (Benyo, 2020) -
Interactive Whiteboard
Practicing new words and sounds is easier thanks to the interactive whiteboard. By using that board teachers can access clips, movies other websites, etc (Ammani, & Aparanjani, 2016). -
Audio Books
English language learners and young kids who want to learn English through stories can benefit from audio books. The four language systems—phonological, semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic—are developed through audiobooks. -
Webinar
Webinars are very helpful for grammar learning. ,webinar can be a very good example for online learning there are presentations, file-sharing, video-chatting, asking questions with a microphone (Ammani, & Aparanjani, 2016). -
Web 2.0 Apps
Thanks to the Web 2.0 apps we have lots of applications like social networking websites, blogs etc, learners can have their own personal blogs as well and enhance their language skills -
Google Translate
When used properly, it is a tool that can assist you in finding rapid translations of acceptable quality between two languages. -
eBook
Electronic version of a print is called eBook . Students’ English grammar knowledge and application, note making skills can be stronger(Ammani, & Aparanjani, 2016). -
Mobile Phones
The addition of texting, email, and other features to mobile phones makes them perform many of the same activities as PCs. We can find portability, social interaction, community, individualism, and immediacy in mobile phone-assisted language learning (Ammani, & Aparanjani, 2016). -
Web 3.0 Tools
The third generation of the World Wide Web is known as Web 3.0 or Web3. It is a concept for a decentralized, open, and more useful Web that is still under development. With the help of Web 3.0, students can learn independently on the subjects they want to study for an additional online course. Students occasionally use Web 3.0 technology to their advantage in order to comprehend specific subjects through speech recognition (Farheen, 2022) -
REFERENCES
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REFERENCES
Ammanni, S., & Aparanjanı, U. (2016). The Role of ICT in English Language Teaching and Learning . International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 7(7), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2016.09
Bayuk , M. (1983). The Army Method Revisited: The Historical and Theoretical Backgrounds of the Military Intensive Language Programs. ERIC - Institute of Education Sciences. -
REFERENCES 2
Benyo, A. (2020). Call in English Language teaching. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(3), 1390–1395.
Haran, M. (2015, May 29). A History of Education Technology. The Institute of Progressive Education and Learning. Retrieved October 23, 2022, from http://institute-of-progressive-education-and-learning.org/a-history-of-education-technology/
Odera, F. Y. (2011). Learning English Language by Radio in Primary Schools in Kenya . US-China Education Review, 960–966.