-
4000 BCE
The First Appearance
First appearance is nearly 6,000 years ago and the first examples of educational technology in the ancient world were the tools that students and teachers used for writing. Over thousands of years and across the continents, various surfaces have been used as a medium for writing, including wax-covered writing boards , clay tablets , strips of bark from trees , thick palm-like leaves and parchment, made of animal skin. -
The Blackboard
While individual slates were used in classrooms during the early 1800s, it was not until 1841 that the classroom chalkboard was first introduced. Shortly thereafter, Horace Mann began encouraging communities to buy chalkboards for their classrooms. By the late 1800s, the chalkboard had become a permanent fixture in most classrooms. -
Film
The kinetoscope, which is now known as the motion picture, was invented in 1889. Over the next decade, film equipment was developed and refined. -
Radio
Radio entered the educational system in the early 1920s. Like the early days of film, radio was heralded as a tool that would revolutionize classroom teaching. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) began broadcasting educational radio programs for schools in the 1920s. -
Overhead Projector
In the 1930’s the overhead projector was widely used by the U. S. Military to train forces during World War II and eventually the device spread to schools. -
Television
It was until the 1950s and 1960s that instructional television reached its peak. Television was first used in education in the 1960s, for schools and for general adult education (one of the six purposes in the current BBC’s Royal Charter is still ‘promoting education and learning’). -
Computer
Computers were first used in education in the 1960s in a way that was intended to individualize instruction. This method became known as computer assisted instruction (CAI). -
Open University
In 1969, the British government established the Open University (OU), which worked in partnership with the BBC to develop university programs open to all, using a combination originally of printed materials specially designed by OU staff, and television and radio programs made by the BBC but integrated with the courses. -
The Typewriter
The first functioning typewriter was marketed and sold by the Remington Arms Company in 1873. While typewriters were present in most high schools into the 1990s, they have been absent from the majority of classrooms and not used widely throughout a student’s educational experience. However, there are close parallels between the typewriter and more modem forms of computer-based technologies. -
The Internet
Today, the Internet is one of the more popular forms of educational technology used in classrooms. Although some college level courses can be taken online, often without any student-teacher interaction, this type of use is just beginning to penetrate K-12 public schools, particularly at the high school level. As an example, the Virtual High School (VHS) was launched in the late 1990s. (1996) -
Software Technology
At the University of Guelph in Canada, an off-the-shelf software system called CoSy was developed in the 1980s that allowed for online threaded group discussion forums 1988. The Open University in the United Kingdom offered a course, DT200, that as well as the OU’s traditional media of printed texts, television programs and audio-cassettes, also included an online discussion component using CoSy. -
Open Courses
The technology allows students to view or review lectures at any time and place with an Internet connection. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) started making its recorded lectures available to the public, free of charge, via its OpenCourseWare project, in 2002. -
Youtube
YouTube started in 2005 and was bought by Google in 2006. YouTube is increasingly being used for short educational clips that can be downloaded and integrated into online courses. The Khan Academy started using YouTube in 2006 for recorded voice-over lectures using a digital blackboard for equations and illustrations. -
Period: to
Khan Academy
The Khan Academy is a non-profit educational organization that provides free video tutorials and interactive exercises.The lessons were conceived primarily for distance learning but are also suitable for use in the classroom. The tutorials are informal in style and organized for building knowledge one concept or lesson at a time. Many lessons are delivered as electronic blackboard talks by someone with an apparent enthusiasm for the topic. -
References
https://pixabay.com/ https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/chapter/section-8-1-a-short-history-of-educational-technology/ http://institute-of-progressive-education-and-learning.org/a-history-of-education-technology/ (The text that we write is limited. I generally read and discuss the topic on these websites.)
