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Stock Market Crashes
The stock market crashes, The "crash" begins on October 24 (Black Thursday). By October 29, stock prices will plummet and banks will be calling in loans. An estimated $30 billion in stock values will be gone by mid-November. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCQfMWAikyU
http://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/videos/1929-stock-market-crash http://tinyurl.com/khy3vuu -
Period: to
The Great Depression
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President Hoover has faith.
President Herbert Hoover says, "Any lack of confidence in the economic future or the basic strength of business in the United States is foolish." http://tinyurl.com/lo99e3u -
More than 3.2 million people are unemployed.
President Hoover remains optimistic, stating that "all the evidences indicate that the worst effects of the crash upon unemployment will have passed during the next 60 days." http://tinyurl.com/lo99e3u -
New Yorkers begin to sell apples.
The street corners of New York City are crowded with apple-sellers. Nearly 6,000 unemployed individuals work at selling apples for five cents apiece. http://tinyurl.com/mucm5tm
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Texas congressman Wright Patman introduces legislation
Texas congressman Wright Patman introduces legislation authorizing immediate payment of "bonus" funds to veterans of World War I. The "bonus bill" had been passed in 1924. http://tinyurl.com/l2zvjwj -
"Food riots" begin to break out in parts of the U.S
n Minneapolis, several hundred men and women smash the windows of a grocery market and fruit, canned goods, bacon, and ham. The "riot" is brought under control by 100 policemen. Seven people are arrested. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exuGv3HsV-U
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New York's Bank of the United States collapses.
At the time of the collapse, the bank had over $200 million in deposits, making it the largest single bank failure in the nation's history http://tinyurl.com/lxugprn. http://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/videos -
Congress establishes the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
he R.F.C. is allowed to lend $2 billion to banks, insurance companies, building and loan associations, agricultural credit organizations and railroads. Critics of the R.F.C. call it "the millionaires' dole." http://tinyurl.com/nl4638b -
Three thousand unemployed workers march on the Ford Motor Company's plant in River Rouge, Michigan.
Dearborn police and Ford's company guards attack the workers, killing four and injuring many more. http://tinyurl.com/k9jeh3s -
More than 300 World War I veterans leave Portland, Oregon.
Congress to pass the Bonus Bill. It will take them 18 days to reach Washington, D.C. http://tinyurl.com/k78ks5m -
Determined to collect their "bonus" pay for service,
15,000 - 25,000 World War I veterans gather and begin setting up camps near the White House and the Capitol in Washington, D.C. On June 15, the House passes Congressman Wright Patman's "bonus bill" by a vote of 209 to 176. http://tinyurl.com/l2zvjwj -
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation is authorized to lend needy states sums from the National Treasury.
President Hoover signs a $100,000 transportation bill to assist "bonus Army" demonstrators in getting home.
On July 28, when some "bonus Army" members resist being moved from their camps, violence erupts, leading to the deaths of two veterans. Hoover orders Federal troops, under the command of General Douglas MacArthur, to assist D.C. police in clearing the veterans http://tinyurl.com/mne9opp
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected president in a landslide over Herbert Hoover.
Roosevelt receives 22.8 million popular votes to Hoover's 15.75 million.
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Before a crowd of 100,000 at the Capitol Plaza in Washington, D.C., FDR is inaugurated
FDR tells the crowd, "The people of the United States have not failed. In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership. They have made me the present instrument of their wishes. In the spirit of the gift I take it." http://tinyurl.com/mlvk475 http://tinyurl.com/mzq3ksp -
The Federal Emergency Relief Administration is created by Congress.
President Franklin Roosevelt appoints Harry L. Hopkins as its chief administrator. By the end of his first day on the job, Hopkins has issued grants totaling more than $5 million. http://tinyurl.com/kpfvol6 -
Glass-Steagall Act
Congress passes the Glass-Steagall Act that separates commercial from investment banking and sets up the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to guarantee bank deposits. http://tinyurl.com/2ltrbd https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2D5jNcVdnOg -
Soil Erosion Service
The federal government establishes the Soil Erosion Service. The creation of this service was made necessary by the years of drought and dust that plagued the Southwestern Panhandle states. http://tinyurl.com/lou3ewz -
Federal Agricultural Program
In an effort to stabilize prices, the Federal Agricultural Program orders the slaughter of more than 6 million pigs. Many citizens protest this action since most of the meat went to waste. http://tinyurl.com/l8txc7y
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Civil Works Administration
The Civil Works Administration is established. Devised as a wide scale program that could employ up to 4 million people, the C.W.A. is involved in the building of bridges, schools, hospitals, airports, parks and playgrounds. Additionally, C.W.A. funds go toward the repair and construction of highways and roads. Early in 1934, Congress will authorize $950 million for the continued operation of the C.W.A.
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A three-day dust storm.
A three-day dust storm blows an estimated 350 million tons of soil off of the terrain of the West and Southwest and deposits it as far east as New York and Boston. Some east coast cities are forced to ignite street lamps during the day to see through the blowing dust. http://tinyurl.com/4xkq4fl -
Charles E. Coughlin establishes the Union for Social Justice
Father Charles E. Coughlin establishes the Union for Social Justice. Using the radio airwaves , Father Coughlin railes against "predatory capitalism." http://tinyurl.com/ctsxbg5
http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-great-depression-the-wall-street-crash-of-1929-and-other-causes.html -
FDR signs legislation creating the Works Progress Administration
The program employs more than 8.5 million individuals in 3,000 counties across the nation. These individuals, drawing a salary of only $41.57 a month, will improve or create highways, roads, bridges, and airports. In addition, the WPA will put thousands of artists writers, painters, theater directors, and sculptors -- to work
on various projects. The WPA will remain in existence until 1943. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bMq9Ek6jnA
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National Youth Administration
The National Youth Administration is set up to address the needs of young men and women . The NYA works on two levels: a student-work program and an out-of-school program. http://tinyurl.com/nxhnb5d -
Wagner National Labor Relations Act
FDR signs the Wagner National Labor Relations Act. The goal of the act is to validate union authority and supervise union elections. http://tinyurl.com/3f2b558 -
Social Security Act of 1935
The Social Security Act of 1935 is signed into law by FDR. Among the most controversial stipulations of the act is that Social Security will be financed through a payroll tax. Historian Kenneth S. Davis calls the signing of the act "one of the major turning points of American history. http://tinyurl.com/ch948q3 -
The Harvest Gypsies.
The series explores the hardships faced by those living and working in migrant labor camps. Steinbeck writes, "...One has only to go into the squatters' camps where the families live on the ground and have no homes... to look at the strong purposeful faces, often filled with pain... to know that this new race is here to stay and that heed must be taken of it."
http://tinyurl.com/8zjbtq6 http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/the-great-depression -
Governor Alfred M. Landon
Defeating Kansas Governor Alfred M. Landon, FDR is elected to his second term as president, winning every state in the Union except Maine and Vermont. http://tinyurl.com/mbp76kj
http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-great-depression-the-wall-street-crash-of-1929-and-other-causes.html -
United Automobile Workers
United Automobile Workers strike at the General Motors Plant in Flint, Michigan. The strike turns violent when strikers clash with company-hired police. http://tinyurl.com/megu947 -
New Deal programs
The slow economic recovery made possible by New Deal programs suffers a setback as unemployment rises. FDR's detractors call it the start of the "Roosevelt recession. http://tinyurl.com/c4f4n79 -
Republic Steel's South Chicago plant
At Republic Steel's South Chicago plant, workers and their families try to combine a picnic with a rally and demonstration. Ten people are killed and a dozen more are wounded in the "Memorial Day Massacre." http://tinyurl.com/lvs8kao -
FDR asks Congress to authorize $3.75 billion in federal spending
Economic indicators respond favorably over the next few months. Still, unemployment will remain high and is predicted to stay that way for some time. http://tinyurl.com/k99xgcc -
ranklin Roosevelt is elected to an unprecedented third term as president.
FDR's victory is seen as proof of the nation's support of his war policies. Roosevelt lobbies Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act, which will aid Britain in its struggle to fend off Germany. http://tinyurl.com/6yqy28l
