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Brown vs. Board of Education (of Topeka)
- Linda Brown was denied entrance to Topeka's all white elementary school.
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Brown vs. Board of Education (of Topeka)
- Brown and 4 other cases related to school segregation were combined into a single case
- The other four cases were:
- Briggs vs Elliot (filed in SC)
- Davis vs County School Board of Prince Edward (filed in VA)
- Gebhart vs Belton (filed in DE)
- Boling vs Sharpe (filed in Washington, D.C.)
- All cases were sponsored by NAACP
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Brown vs. Board of Education (of Topeka)
- Oliver Brown filed a law suit against the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
- Brown claimed that schools for black children were not equal to schools for white children
- The case went to the U.S. District Court in Kansas
- It was unanimously voted by the justices that racial segregation of children in public schools is unconstitutional
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Section 504
- Section 504 is part of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and addresses protection for students with disabilities
- Students are eligible when they have a physical or mental disability that inhibits a learning experience
- People ages 3-22 years old qualify depending on programing by state and federal laws
- The U.S. Department of Education is involved
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Inclusion Movement
- President Gerald Ford signed Education for All Handicapped Children Act into action
- Congress opened public schools for students with disabilities to ensure they have opportunities to learn and participate
- Students with and without disabilities were given a free appropriate public education
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Mainstreaming
- Placing students with services in a general education classroom during specific time periods based on their skills
- This public law was established by Congress
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Regular Education Initiative
- Madeleine Will of the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services of the U.S. Department of Education suggested returning students with learning disabilities to the regular education classroom with the appropriate supports
- Methods like consultation, team teaching, and direct service are introduced
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IDEA
- Congress strengthened requirements regarding providing students with disabilities access to the general curriculum
- IDEA would ensure students would have a right to free appropriate education
- an IEP team would be implemented, including parents and teachers
- All students would get a fair chance to learn
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Inclusion
- 90% of students with disabilities received education in typical schools and almost half were included in general education class 80% of a day
- Eliminating more pull outs and self-contained environments
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No Child Left Behind
- Signed into law by President George W. Bush
- Increases the federal role in holding schools responsible for the academic progress of all students
- kept on track by AYP (annual yearly progress)
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IDEA
- Law that makes available a free appropriate public education to eligible children with disabilities throughout the nation and ensures special education with related services to those children
- Congress was prioritizing families being more involved in the IEP process
- Does not require inclusion but the law requires for the least restrictive environment to meet their individual needs
