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Franz Joseph Gall
Developed cranioscopy, the measurement of the skull to determine psychological characteristics. -
Investigating poisoning
German chemist Valentin Ross developed a method of detecting arsenic in a victim's stomach, thus advancing the investigation of poison deaths. -
Benjamin Rush
One of the earliest advocates of humane treatment for the mentally ill. -
Physical evidence discovered to work in forensics
Clothing and shoes of a farm laborer were examined and found to match evidence of a nearby murder scene, where a young woman was found drowned in a shallow pool. -
Chemical testing utilized
James Marsh, an English chemist, uses chemical processes to determine arsenic as the cause of death in a murder trial. -
Forbes Benignus Winslow
Published The Plea of Insanity in Criminal Cases, helping establish the plea of insanity in criminal cases in Britain. -
Mugshots
San Francisco became the first city to do photo identification for criminals.