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Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell was an English statesman, politician and soldier, widely regarded as one of the most important figures in the history of the British Isles. -
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the stuarts
The Stuarts were the first kings of the United Kingdom. King James VI of Scotland became also King James I of England, thus combining the two thrones for the first time. -
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Richard Cromwell
Richard Cromwell was an English statesman who was the second and last Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland and the son of the first Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell. -
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First English Civil War
The First English Civil War occurred in England and Wales from 1642 to 1646. It is part of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which also include the Bishops' Wars, the Irish Confederate Wars, the Second English Civil War, the Anglo-Scottish War (1650–1652) and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. -
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the second civil war
The second English Civil War resulted in the execution of Charles I in January 1649, and establishment of the Commonwealth of England. In 1650, Charles II was crowned king of Scotland, in return for agreeing to create a Presbyterian church in both England and Scotland. -
Commowealth in england
The Commonwealth was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 -
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Ireland
The period of 1649-1652 had a profound impact on Ireland, leading to significant social, economic, and political changes. The Irish population experienced displacement, economic hardship, and the loss of political power -
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Scotland
The period of 1649-1655 in Scotland was marked by political turmoil, military conflict, and the imposition of Commonwealth rule. The events of this time had a lasting impact on Scotland's political and religious landscape. -
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Willian of orange
William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until he died in 1702. -
Lord protector
Oliver Cromwell served as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1653 until his death in 1658. -
The Instrument of Government
The Instrument of Government was a document that served as the basic law of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland during the Protectorate, a period of government led by Oliver Cromwell. -
The Humble Petition
The Humble Petition and Advice was a constitutional document in English history that was presented to Oliver Cromwell in 1657. -
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The Declaration of Breda
The Declaration of Breda was a document issued by King Charles II of England in April 1660, just before his return to England and the restoration of the monarchy. Charles II had been in exile during the English Commonwealth, which followed the execution of his father, King Charles I, in 1649. -
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CharlesII
Charles II, born on May 29, 1630, was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 until his death on February 6, 1685. He was a member of the Stuart dynasty and played a significant role in the history of England during the 17th century. -
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Period of the Restoration
It marked the return of Charles II as king (1660–85) following the period of Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth. The bishops were restored to Parliament, which established a strict Anglican orthodoxy. -
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Period of the Restoration
The period of the Restoration in England spans from 1660 to 1689 and is characterized by the restoration of the monarchy, the reigns of Charles II and James II, and significant political, social, and cultural developments. -
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Anne
Queen Anne, she was born on February 6, 1665. Anne was the Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1702 to 1707 and the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland from 1707 to 1714, following the Acts of Union that united the kingdoms. -
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Exclusion Crisis
The Exclusion Crisis was a political conflict that unfolded in England between 1679 and 1681. It revolved around the contentious issue of excluding James, the Duke of York (later King James II), from the throne due to his Catholic faith. The crisis had significant implications for the balance of power. -
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Charles rules without parliment
This period of personal rule continued until Charles II's death in 1685. His brother, James II, succeeded him. The tensions between the monarchy and Parliament, particularly regarding religious and political matters, persisted and ultimately played a significant role in the events leading up to the Glorious Revolution of 1688. -
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George II
George II was the King of Great Britain and Ireland, born on November 10, 1683, and reigning from June 11, 1727, until his death on October 25, 1760. He was a member of the House of Hanover and the last British monarch to lead troops in battle -
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The Declaration of Indulgence
The Declaration of Indulgence of 1687 was a royal decree issued by King James II of England. It was part of James's efforts to promote religious tolerance and grant freedom of worship to dissenters, including Catholics and Protestant Nonconformists. However, the declaration was controversial and faced opposition from various quarters. -
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Jacobites
Jacobitism was a political movement that supported the restoration of the senior line of the House of Stuart to the British throne. -
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Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights of 1689 is a key constitutional document in the history of England and later the United Kingdom. It played a crucial role in shaping constitutional monarchy and limiting the powers of the monarchy in favor of parliamentary authority. -
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Toleration Act
The Toleration Act of 1689, officially titled "An Act for Exempting Their Majesties' Protestant Subjects Dissenting from the Church of England from the Penalties of Certain Laws," was a significant piece of legislation enacted in England. It marked an important step toward religious tolerance and aimed to address the persecution of nonconformists, particularly Protestant dissenters who did not conform to the Church of England. -
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Act of Settlement 1701
The Act of Settlement of 1701 is a pivotal constitutional statute in the history of England and later the United Kingdom. It was enacted during the reign of Queen Anne and played a crucial role in determining the succession to the throne. -
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Act of Union 1707
The Act of Union 1707 was a significant piece of legislation that united the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into a single sovereign state called the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Act was the result of negotiations and political considerations, and it had profound implications for the political, economic, and cultural union of England and Scotland. -
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George III
King George III, born on June 4, 1738, and reigning from October 25, 1760, until his death on January 29, 1820, was the King of Great Britain and King of Ireland during a significant period in history. He was a member of the Hanoverian dynasty and played a key role in the events leading up to the American Revolutionary War.