-
The First Settlement
One of the first settlements was created by Cordero on the Camino between San Antonio and Nacogdoches. By the end of September of 1805, Cordero requested permission to build towns on the Trinity and Brazos rivers with native Tejanos and Louisiana emigres. By 1806, they founded the town of Santisima Trinidad de Salcedo, also known as Salcedo. By late January, multiple houses, lots, and agricultural land were issued. This was the first settlement success under Cordero. (Pg. 110) -
Period: to
Father Hidalgo Launches Revolt
As a missionary priest, Father Hidalgo made a speech against bad government and was in support of religious freedom. He did this in order to inspire troops for a revolution. Sadly, before progress was made on his behalf, Hidalgo along with many other chiefs were executed. However, his inspiration lived on and he became the symbol for the rebellion and an inspiration to many other revolutionists. His name is now recognized as the father of Mexican Independence. (Pg. 116-118) -
Texas Joins the Revolt
Texas was dissatisfied by the crown's lack of responsiveness to their needs, because of this many Tejanos were upset and were wanting to join the fight. Despite Governor Sabedo's efforts to stop them from joining the revolt, the troops joined Mexico in their fight for independence. The first revolt for Texas was led by Juan Bautista De Casas on January 21st, 1811. This battle became known as The Casas Revolt. Unfortunately, Casas was overthrown by Zambrano and his supporters (Pg. 117-119) -
Period: to
Gutierrez-Magee Expedition
The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition, led by Bernardo Gutierrez and Augustus Magee, started on the border of Texas and Mexico in 1813 and lasted until 1814. This expedition was formed by like-minded men roaming throughout northern Texas. These men all with the goal of freeing Texas from control. This, led to the creation of the Republic of the North. The Gutierrez-Magee expedition created alliances and conflicts regarding Mexican's independence. (Pg. 122-125) -
Battle of Medina
The Battle of Medina was fought on August 18th 1813 near the Media River. It was between Arredondo's royalist army and Toledo's Republican troops. Toledo's troops consisted of many native Indians. The battle lasted only a day and was not in Toledo's favor. In fact, this battle has become known as the bloodiest battle in Mexican Independence, resulting in many captures and death. (Pg. 122, 124, 141) -
Battle of Three Trees
The Battle of Three Trees took place in Galveston Island in 1817. This battle was between the Karankawa Indians and the Lafitte brothers, Jean and Pierre Lafitte. While the Karankawa called that land home, the Jean Laffite wanted to use it for hunting and was willing to fight. The battle ended with the Kawnkawas defeated by either being killed or fleeing. The Battle of Three Trees marked the end of Galveston being Indian territory. (Pg. 124, 126, 128) -
Adams-Onis Treaty
The Adams-Onis Treaty, signed in early 1819, is an important document between the United States and Spain. Not only did the treaty help define the boarder between United Stated Texas and Spanish Texas, but also included the trade of Florida. U.S. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Spanish ambassador Luis De Onis were the two heads of each side and were told to meet an agreement. This treaty, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, was not approved by the west. (Pg. 107, 128) -
The First Long Expedition
The first Long Expedition, led by James Long, started in June 1819. It began when a party of 120 men crossed the Sabine and occupied Nacogdoches. The goal of this expedition was to liberate Texas from Spain. When Long arrived a month later, he began to organize a government to declare Texas independence on the 23rd. A document was soon drafted by Long stating they wanted to be free from Spain and should be included in the United States territory. (Pg. 128) -
The Plan of Iguala
The Plan of Iguala, signed on February 24th 1820, by Agustin de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero. The two came together to discuss Mexico's separation from Spain. The plan consisted of three clauses: the status of the Catholic Church in Mexican society, the independence of Mexico as a monarchy, and equality between peninsulares and criollos. These became known as the Three Guarantees. This deal is important because it marks as a symbol of Mexico's victory and independence. (Pg. 129) -
Mexican Independence
Mexico gained their independence on September 27th 1821 in Iguala, Mexico. Though the dedication of troops and leaders, Mexico never gave up on their goal for independence. Because of this mindset, they were able to overthrow the Spanish troops. This was an important moment for not only Mexico, but for other countries hoping for independence, showing the struggle for impedance was worth it With all the treaties signed and the wars over, Mexico was finally free from the Spanish. (Pg. 129-130)