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- important trades stop and religious center of Arabia
 - people settled because of the fresh water well
 - population was very diverse
 
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- majority of the first inhabitants were Bedouins
 - valued camels and swords above other tings
 
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- powerful local tribes
 - encouraged tribes to idols in the Kaaba and protected them for a free.
 
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- born into Hashim family of the powerful Quraysh Tribe
 - His mother died when he was six
 - raised by his uncle
 - as a young man, he worked for a wealthy widow
 
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- Second only to Muhammad
 - Was the dearest friend and trusted advisor
 - Muhammad married Abu Bakr's sister
 
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- He conquered neighboring countries
 
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- Married a wealthy widow who he worked for when he was 25 years old
 - When he was married, he continued to prosper as a merchant
 
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- When he was 40 he suspected there was something wrong with the way people in Mecca lived
 - Retreated to the mountains because he was disturbed of what he knew
 
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- Told the people that Allah was the only god that people should worship
 - He told them that neither Jews or Christians should be convert
 
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- Established the first Islamic state
 
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- Muhammad
 
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- His message had spread and his power had still
 
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- Mesopotamia
 - Syria
 
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- Historians refer to Abu's military campaigns in 633 against ex-muslims
 
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- Brilliant Organizer
 - Respected through his fairness
 
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- Muslims disagreed that he should be a caliph
 - Murdered in 656
 
 - Muslims disagreed that he should be a caliph
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- Early converted to Islam
 - Standarized the Qu-ran
 
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- Iran
 - North Africa
 
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- Spain
 - North Africa
 - Parts of central Asia
 
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- Fell to rebels in 750
 - Made it bigger, making it more vunerable