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Signigicant Events Paving the Road to Current Special Education Legislation
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Brown vs Board of Education
1954 Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka Supreme Court decision ruled in favor of school desegregation. Wood reveals, “The Supreme Court’s affirmation of the value of education and equity in publicly funded services not only brought about major changes in American’s schools, but also was the impetus for other far-reaching social and legislative changes” (Wood, 6). -
ESEA established the Bureau of the Handicapped
ESEA established the Bureau of the Handicapped within the US Dept of Education to administer funds for research, education and training in special ed. These laws did not require the states to provide special education; they only provided funding if a state chose to require or encourage school systems to provide it. (Wood, 6) -
Geraldo Rivera's live television broadcast of inside Willowbrook
Geraldo Rivera’s live television broadcast of the horrific conditions inside the Willowbrook State School on Staten Island, NY. Pennsylvania Association for retarded children v. commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Addressed deinstitutionalization and the right to treatment, individualized planning and least restrictive environment, and due process. (Wood, 7) -
Rehabilitation Act Amendments
This legislation created and funded the federal/state vocational rehabilitation program initially for wounded soldiers then for injured workers, and finally for citizens with all types of disabilities. First civil rights protections for individuals with disabilities, including the right to education.(Wood, 7) -
Section 504
Section 504 was released 4 years after the act was signed into law. According to Wood, “Section 504 mandated that no person with a disability could be excluded from or denied benefits of any program receiving federal financial assistance, which would include public elementary, secondary and postsecondary schools." Congress required schools covered by the act make their programs and activities accesible to individuals with disabilities. They had to provide free and appropriate education.(Wood, 8) -
Amendments of EAHCA establishing early intervention
Amendments of EAHCA establishing early intervention program for infants and toddlers with disabilities. The purpose was the develop and implement a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated, multidisciplinary, interagency system that makes early intervention services available to all children with disabilities from birth to age 3.(wood, 9) -
1997 EAHCA Ammendments: Least Restrictive Environment
Redefined least restrictive environment include access to general curriculum. This required consideration of assistive technology devices, service orientation and mobility services. Modified transition age requirements to include consideration of a student’s educational program beginning at least by age 14. (Wood, 10) -
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) 2001
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) is the reauthorization of ESEA. Required States to develop standards for grades 3 through 8 and high school in reading/language arts, science and mathematics and implement annual assessments related to those standards. (Wood, 19) -
2004 IDEA
IDEA 2004, concentrating on the IEP process, due process and the discipline provisions. A new provision in the Act authorizes the Secretary to issue only regulations necessary to secure atatute compliance which could limit the Secretary's authority to issue regulations that could be useful in clarifying ambiguities. (FAPE, 2011)
