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Long held belief that public education was a privilege
Zelder notes that school attendance in public education was viewed as a privilege and awarded to or withheld to a child at the discretion of the school officials. This marks a turning point in how public education addressed students with disabilities. -
Association of Retarded Citizens
Beginning as an advocacy group of parents from support groups around the country, ARC has advocated for the passage of legislation on behalf of people with disabilities. -
Brown v The Board of Education of Topeka
Supreme Court ruling declaring that separate was not equal. overturned Plessy v Ferguson. Also encouraged the formation of Advocacy groups. -
Establishment of the Special Olympics
Established by Eunice Shriver, the special olympics was created for individuals with intellectual disabilities as a way to enrich the lives of ID individuals. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Commonly referred to as PL 94-142. ensures that all children and youths with disabilities have the right to a free, appropriate public education. Known today as IDEA. -
Hudson v Rowley
First Supreme Court interpretation of PL 94-142. Defining Appropriate Education, does not mean education that will produce the maximum possible outcome but education comparable to non-disabled students. -
Americans with Disabilities ACT (ADA)
Ensures non-discriminatory treatment of those individuals with disabilities to their lives, including areas of employment, transportation, public accommodations, telecommunications, and state and local government. Includes Section 504. -
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
Attempt at Education reform with a goal of improving academic achievement by all students, including those with disabilities, as well as school accountability for learning. -
Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act (IDEA)
Amendment and reauthorization of PL 94-142. A few key points include: Identification, FAPE, LRE, IEP, and Parent Consultation. -
Endrew F. v Douglas County School District
Supreme court decision that de minimus progress from year to year is not sufficient to meet the intent of IDEA, instead requiring an IEP to be reasonably calculated to enable a child to make progress appropriate in light of that child's circumstances.