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Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles
Before the late 18th century, individuals with visual impairments were considered uneducable. That view began to change in France with a man named Valentin Haüy. Haüy established an institute for the blind, Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles, in 1784. This was the beginning of providing education to individuals with visual and hearing impairments. No laws have been established. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_National_des_Jeunes_Aveugles -
Horace Mann School for the Deaf
In 1869, Horace Mann of Boston Mass., opened a school that educated individuals with hearing impairments. This was the first school in the United States that educated people with hearing impairments and it is still open to present day. Individuals with other disabilities were not being educated at this time as well as no established laws.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Mann_School_for_the_Deaf_and_Hard_of_Hearing -
Supreme Court's unfavorable
In 1893 the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that it was lawful and just that a boy be expelled from school for not being at the same academic and social level as the other students.
https://www.naesp.org/resources/1/Principal/2008/N-Oweb2.pdf
https://prezi.com/w1cvxo-aln8i/the-history-of-special-education/ -
Court's still unfavorable
In 1919,the Wisconsin Court decided that is was lawful and just to expel a student with cerebral palsy because he was "depressing" and "nauseating" to the students and teacher".
https://www.naesp.org/resources/1/Principal/2008/N-Oweb2.pdf
https://prezi.com/w1cvxo-aln8i/the-history-of-special-education/ -
First Self-Advocacy
In 1947 the University of Illinois created a satellite campus to accommodate disabled veterans. In 1949 the governor was planning on closing the campus. The veterans attempted to propose the importance of the campus to them to the governor. Even though their efforts did not work in their favor, their self-advocacy would pave the way for future laws and enforcement of human rights.
http://disability.illinois.edu/history-disability-services-university-illinois -
Brown vs. Board
This court ruling ended segregation in schools to which it would be unlawful for black and white students to be forced into segregated schools. This led the way for all minorities and majorities to attend the same school.
www.civilrights.org/education/brown/? -
ESEA
In 1965, President Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. This gave funding to elementary and secondary schools in which underprivileged children could receive an appropriate education. Title 3 of the act provided special education and related services to isolated and rural areas.
http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/ -
ESEA Ammendment
In 1968, title IV of the ESEA was amended to provide the basis for the Bilingual Education Act and the Education of the Handicapped Act which provided funding for the research and education of people with disabilities and refugees.
http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/ -
The Education of the Handicaped Act
This act established grants to stimulate the development of educational programs and recourses to individuals with disabilities. This act signed in 1970 by President Nixon is an amendment of ESEA 1965.
http://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm -
Section 504
In 1973, section 504 was passed into law. This guaranteed that all people, no matter what their culture, race, disability, would not encounter any discrimination in a federally funded establishment. This also protects people from being excluded from participation or be denied benefits.
https://dredf.org/legal-advocacy/laws/section-504-of-the-rehabilitation-act-of-1973/ -
EHA 1975
In 1975,President Ford signed into law, the Education for all Handicapped Children Act. This gave children with disabilities and their families support and protection by the Federal and State Courts that they receive free and appropriate education.
https://teach.com/the-history-of-special-education/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_for_All_Handicapped_Children_Act -
ADA
In 1990, President Bush signed into law the Americans with Disabilities Act. The ADA is a civil rights law that protects the needs of people with disabilities, Making it unlawful to discriminate in employment and public services. Section 504 is adopted as a statute of the act as well.
http://www.fortschools.org/m/content.cfm?subpage=62980
https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/history/35th/1990s/ada.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990 -
IDEA
In 1990, ESEA changes into IDEA, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Many of the past protections and supports from the ESEA were kept but transitions services were added to the IDEA.
http://www.fortschools.org/m/content.cfm?subpage=62980 -
IDEA 1997 Reauthorized
This amendment to the act required that general education teachers contribute to the IEP team. It also requires all students to take place in state and district assessments.
http://www.fortschools.org/m/content.cfm?subpage=62980 -
NCLB
This act put accontablilty on teachers and administrators for the progress of their students.Federal money was granted to schools that met the requirements of student achievement scores. This was done to improve the quality of teachers and administrators.
www.schev.edu/adminfaculty/NCLBOverview.asp
febp.newamerica.net/background-analysis/no-child-left-behind-overview -
IDEA 2004 reauthorization
This reauthorization focuses on teacher accountability, early interventions and using research based instruction. This act alsofocuses on the child's individual needs and how to accommodate to them to prepare them for their futures. It also reinforces the protection of rights to the students and their families from past acts that have lead to one.
http://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm -
ESSA
The Every Student Succeeds Act was signed into law by President Obama. This act continues to offer protection and support from the federal and state governments but it also requires teachers to use evidence-based practices, gives access to high quality pre-schools, and requires students tobe taught at high academic standards to prepare them for college and carriers.
https://www.ed.gov/essa?src=ft
