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Special Education Timeline
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Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement, and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not, in fact, equal at all. This case served as a foundation for special education law. -
Minnesota School district requires special instruction
Minnesota became one of the first states in the nation to pass a law requiring that special education services be provided to children and youth with disabilities. The law, Special Instruction for Handicapped Children of School Age, sparked a movement that impacted landmark legislation for similar special education services in other states. -
Mills v. Board of Education & PARC v. Pennsylvania
uaranteed the right of students with any disability to a public education, regardless of the cost to the school system, and led to comprehensive federal legislation protecting disabled children's right to free public education. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act - Section 504
Section 504 is a civil rights law requiring equal opportunities for individuals with disabilities. It requires that school districts provide a free appropriate public education (FAPE) to qualified students in their jurisdictions who have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities. The statute protects individuals from discrimination. -
FERPA
FERPA gives parents/guardians certain rights regarding their child(ren)'s education records.
maintaining a high standard of confidentiality also serves to maintain an environment in which students with disabilities feel respected, safe, supported, and protected. -
Education of All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
Guaranteed a free, appropriate public education, or FAPE, to each child with a disability in every state and locality across the country.
It required all schools receiving federal funding to provide handicapped children equal access to education and mandated that they be placed in the least restrictive educational environment possible. -
IDEA LAW
IDEA requires public schools to provide a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) to eligible students ages 3-21 with disabilities. IDEA also provides legal protections for these students and their parents.
IDEA requires public schools to:
• Find and evaluate students who have or are suspected of having a disability and need special education services (Child Find).
• Develop and implement an individualized education program (IEP) for eligible students with a disability. -
ADA Title II
prohibits discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities in all programs, activities, and services of public entities. -
IDEA Reauthorization
IDEA 1997 amendments mandated that schools report progress to parents of children with disabilities as frequently as they report to parents of non-disabled children. The intent was to maintain an equal and respectful partnership between schools and families. IDEA now includes students with disabilities on assessments. General education teachers now included on IEP team. -
No Child Left Behind
U.S. federal law aimed at improving public primary and secondary schools, and thus student performance, via increased accountability for schools, school districts, and states, provided more choices for parents and students, gave greater flexibility for schools, and really put reading first for the students. -
IDEA 2004
Six major principles : Free Appropriate Public Education, Appropriate Evaluation, Individualized Education Plan, Least Restrictive Environment, Parent Participation, and Procedural Safeguards. The federal regulations provide direction on the procedures for identifying children with learning disabilities. These changes from previous regulations seek to facilitate more appropriate and timely identification of children with LD so that they can benefit from research-based interventions.