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Brown v. Board of Education
The U.S Supreme Court decided that it was unconstitutional for educational institutions to segregate children by race. This ruling highly impacted implications for special education. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)
Lyndon B. Johnson signed this act into law as a part of the War on Poverty initiative. The ESEA called for equal access to education for all students and also provided federal funding for both primary and secondary education for students in poverty. -
Pennslyvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The U.S. district court sided in favor of students with learning disabilities in state-run institutions. PARC called for students with disabilities to be places in publicly funded school settings that met their individual needs based on evaluations. -
Mills v. Board of Education of D.C.
The ruling from this case made it unlawful for the D.C. Board of Education to deny individuals with disabilities or behavior issues access to publicly funded education. -
Congressional Investigation of 1972
With the rulings from both PARC and Mills, Congress went to found out how many students with special educational needs were not being properly served. There were 8 million children who required special educational services. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142)
Gerald Ford signed this act into law; requiring all states that accepted money from the federal government to provide equal access to education for students with disabilities, and one free meal per day. -
Public Law 99-457
An amendment to the All Handicapped Children Act that mandated that the states provide services to families of students with disabilities from the time they are born. Prior to this act, services began when the child was 3 years old. -
Handicapped Children's Protection Act
Ronald Reagan signed this law, which gave parents of children with disabilities more say in their child's development in their Individual Education Plan (IEP). -
IDEA Act (Public Law 101-476)
This act called for changes to Public Law 94-142. Traumatic brain injury and Autism were added a new disability categories, and mandated that Individual Transition Plans be apart of the child's IEP when transitioning to secondary schooling -
IDEA Reauthorization
IDEA was revised to now includes students with disabilities on assessments and general education teachers on student's IEP team -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
NCLB impacted special education because this meant that the special education teachers had to be more qualified, the schools received more resources and money, more information about how much progress the students are making annually, and more parental options. -
IDEA 2004
Congress amended IDEA by calling for early intervention for students, greater accountability, and improved educational outcomes, and raised the standards for instructors who teach special education classes.