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Braille Code
The first braille code was created by Louis Braille at the age of 15. It consists of a series of 6 bumps. It originated from a soldier that Louis had met. They used it to share secret information. (https://braillebug.org/louis_braille_bio.asp) -
Civil Rights Act of 1866
The Civil Rights Act created the Bill of Rights that are granted to all American citizens. This is important because it defines the rights that all citizens have and this includes our children and anyone with disabilities. -
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
The CEC is the place where educators can go for information or support for special education. They also have recourses and professional development for these educators. The CEC is located in all 50 states. They are the source of information and resource for special education. (https://exceptionalchildren.org/about-us) -
National Association for Retarded Children (NARC)
The NARC was established to support people with intellectual disabilities. It is a driving force for legislature and terms that describe people with disabilities. They changed the term of reference from "retarded" to intellectual disabilities. This association is responsible for keeping children in homes instead of institutions. (https://thearc.org/about-us/history/) -
Association for Children with Learning Disabilities
This is now know as The Learning Disabilities Association of America. It was created as a national resource group by parents and for parents. (https://ldaamerica.org/about-us/) -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
ESEA gave federal money to primary and secondary schools. It also developed a curriculum that was used nationwide as well as held schools accountable for the success of the students. (https://education.laws.com/elementary-and-secondary-education-act#:~:text=The%20Elementary%20and%20Secondary%20Education%20Act%20of%201965,schools%20accountable%20and%20increase%20equality%20in%20education%20nationally) -
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504
The section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 protects children with disabilities. It ensures that they receive the education that they are entitled too. This is for all children with disabilities and the programs that they are in that receive any federal funding. (https://sites.ed.gov/idea/about-idea/#Rehab-Act) -
Americans with Disabilities Act, Title II
This Title II part of the Americans with Disabilities Act makes it necessary for schools to accommodate students that require different types of access to the buildings, classrooms, or any other parts of the school or program. (https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/hq9805.html) -
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)
IDEA defines the disabilities that qualify a child for special education services. It helps with early intervention and services for children ages 3 - 21. (https://sites.ed.gov/idea/about-idea/) -
No Child Left Behind
No Child Left Behind was an update of the ESEA. It allowed schools to have more control over how the federal money was spent. It also added "highly qualified" teacher requirements. It held the schools more accountable for the progress and learning of the students. (https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/your-childs-rights/basics-about-childs-rights/no-child-left-behind-nclb-what-you-need-to-know) -
Every Student Succeeds Act
The Every Student Succeeds Act replaced the No Child Left Behind. The accountablity changed from the federal government oversight to the states of the schools. The schools still reported progress of studnets and but the states helped set the goals. (https://www.understood.org/en/community-events/blogs/in-the-news/2015/12/10/no-child-left-behind-comes-to-an-end-with-the-passage-of-the-every-student-succeeds-act?_ul=1*cwsgk6*domain_userid*YW1wLUtqUUtscUtScWxuaUlzblR1QzRkT1E.)