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Brown v. Board of Education
This Supreme Court Brown vs. Board of Education case began in 1952 and ended in the spring of 1954, concluding that separate was not equal; overturning the previous "separate but equal" doctrine. It ruled that racially segregating children in public schools was unconstitutional.This case became known as a turning point for desegregation and a spark for the civil rights movement in the United States.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act
This act prohibits discrimination based on a disability in any workforce receiving federal financial assistance. This act protects any individual with a disability that is qualified or meets the job requirements of the applied position. Employers are required to make reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities.
https://www.dol.gov/agencies/eta/disability/laws -
Educating All Handicapped Children Act
This act required all schools to provide federal funds for equal education for students with disabilities, regardless of how much it cost. This included services such as free meals and plans to receive an education as best as their nondisabled peers. The act also required schools to have a system in place for parents to be involved in their child's educational experience.
http://www.specialednews.com/special-education-dictionary/eha---education-for-all-handicapped-children-act.htm -
American Disabilities Act
ADA protects people with disabilities of all ages. It allows access to employment and public places. Title I prohibits discrimination in the workforce. Title III ensures public buildings remove physical barriers, have access to ramps and elevators as well as providing effective communication for the speech and hearing impaired.
https://www.pacer.org/transition/learning-center/laws/ada/?gclid=CjwKCAjwnef6BRAgEiwAgv8mQbgC6wdtAS9aPauF5TgHLoTCqUoOKcZidXz0QPqUvmnLCThEjhgrlhoCOdQQAvD_BwE -
No Child Left Behind Act
NCLB focuses on accountability, flexibility, research-based education, and parent options. States are required to develop a testing system as well as a set of standards that meet federal requirements. The goal of NCLB is to close student achievement gaps and provide all students the opportunity to a high-quality education. It has since been replaced with the Every Student Succeeds Act in 2015.
https://www.k12.wa.us/ -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
IDEA ensures free public education for children with disabilities and makes sure early intervention, special education, as well as related services, are given when needed. IDEA dictates how states provide these services and provide rights for the students and their parents. IDEA also makes it necessary that all students in special education are given their own individualized education plan or an IEP. This is something an IEP team works on annually with parents.
https://www.understood.org -
Every Student Succeeds Act
Updating the NCLB act, ESSA continues to emphasize the importance of equal opportunity education. States are required to set goals and standards and how they plan to achieve them. ESSA focuses on things like high-quality preschool, taking action in low-performing schools, and annual statewide assessments that measure students' progress to prepare them for college and careers. This includes offering career and college counseling and advanced placement courses.
https://www.ed.gov/essa?src=rn
