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Brown V Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement, and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not equal.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
Parc V Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Parc v Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was with holding children with mental illnesses from public school. Some of these students were deemed educatable as well as untrainable. When this was passed they had to evaluate the children and put them into the publicly funded school system. https://clearinghouse.net/case/11082/ -
Mills V Board of Education
Mills V Board of Education ruled that every child deserves an education even if it means they need accommodations. When this case was taken in there was a very large number of children that were exceptional. This also prevented them from suspending a student with exceptions for more than two days.
https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/mills-v-board-education-district-columbia-1972 -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act was the first disability civil rights law to be enacted in the United States. It is meant to protect children and adults with disabilities from discrimination in school settings and more. 504's tend to branch off of other laws. If a child is eligible for a 504 schools must help them. https://www.understood.org/en/articles/section-504-of-the-rehabilitation-act-of-1973-what-you-need-to-know -
FERPA
Has two main purposes one to protect the students records while giving them more control over them. It also prevents education entities from disclosing information with in the child's records. Although in certain situations they are able to disclose some information. https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/ferpa.html -
IDEA (FAPE)
Free Appropriate Public Education, it is meant to help the child in an "IEP" and help prepare them to further their education as well as employment. FAPE must be provided to any students that are eligible for it. https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33444.html -
Hoing v Doe
Hoing v Doe was put into place to protect students with disabilities to be suspended from their schools indefinitely, related to misconduct.
"Honig v. Doe." Oyez, www.oyez.org/cases/1987/86-728. Accessed 16 Feb. 2023. -
IDEA Law
IDEA law, in 1990 is when their were some changes made to this law, it was originally passed in 1975. It ensures that all children with disabilities are treated equal as well as given the same opportunity as other children. In 1990 autism, and traumatic brain injury were added to the disability categories. It included that transition plans needed to be made by the time the child was 16 years of age. https://www.biausa.org/public-affairs/public-policy/individuals-with-disabilities-education-ac -
Oberti v Board of Education
Oberti v Board of Education made it so that children with disabilities are able to be in a regular classroom with all the other children. It allows them to utilize supplementary aids for the child, every effort must be made to keep the child learning in the regular classroom first.
https://www.berneylaw.com/oberti-v-board-of-education-of-clementon/ -
No Child Left Behind Act
The NCLB law was enacted for schools to be held accountable for not improving their ways of teaching. They focused on four main areas which are Students in poverty
Students of color
Students receiving special education services
Those who speak and understand limited or no English. Tis also forced schools to focus on disadvantaged kids.
https://www.understood.org/en/articles/no-child-left-behind-nclb-what-you-need-to-know
