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Special Education Law
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Brown vs. Board of Education
Cornerstone of the civil rights movement, this supreme court case ruled that separate is NOT equal and deemed racial segregation in schools unconstitutional. Reversing the ruling from Plessy v Ferguson in 1896 that racially segregated schools were legal as long as they were equal. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The civil rights act banned segregation in all public places and employment discrimination based on race, color, religion or origin. Under title VI of this act, discrimination is illegal in any place that receives federal funding. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act#:~:text=The%20Civil%20Rights%20Act%20of%201964,%20which%20ended,crowning%20legislative%20achievements%20of%20the%20civil%20rights%20movement. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
1973- Section 504 is the first civil rights act for people with disabilities. This law prohibits discrimination in all public places receiving federal funding against those with disabilities. Section 504 works together with the ADA and IDEA to protect both children and adults wit disabilities. -
FERPA
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act is a federal law that protects the privacy of student education records. -
EAHCA
Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education for children with physical and mental disabilities. -
Rowley vs. The Board of Education
Rowley v. Board of Ed was the first legal case the EAHCA needed to be interpreted. This case highlights FAPE and LRE. -
IDEA
Individuals with Disabilities Act, previously known as EAHCA, was enacted to create equal access to education for students with disabilities. IDEA highlights FAPE which is a right of all students. FAPE is a free, appropriate, public education. This means that the student receives the most fitting education in the least restrictive environment.
https://sites.ed.gov/idea/about-idea/ -
Reauthorization of IDEA
Following the reauthorization of the IDEA, students with disabilities to be included in on the state and district wide assessments, and regular education teachers are now required to attend IEP meetings. -
NCLB
No Child Left Behind was enacted in 2001. NCLB created standards that held students and teachers accountable. In order for schools to receive federal funding, they were required to test their students to these standards.
https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/your-childs-rights/basics-about-childs-rights/no-child-left-behind-nclb-what-you-need-to-know -
IDEIA
Individuals with disabilities education improvement act is a federal law that provides partial funding to states to educate students receiving special education services. This law also outlines procedural safeguards. -
Reauthorization of IDEA
2004- There are multiple changes from the original 1997 reauthorization. One of the more important changes was the call for more accountability at the state and local levels, as more data on the outcomes is required. Another change involves school districts providing adequate instruction and intervention for students to help keep them out of special education.
https://sites.ed.gov/idea/ -
Forest Grove School District v. T.A
This case authorized that under IDEA, reimbursement for private education is required if a school fails to provide a student with special needs the most appropriate education under FAPE.
https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/557/230.html -
ESSA
Every Student Succeeds Act was signed by president Obama in efforts to address the needs of the nations disadvantaged students. This was in efforts to close the achievement gap that was highlighted under NCLB.
https://www.ed.gov/ESEA