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Brown v. Board of Education
This case is four cases put together related to segregation in public schools. In each case, African American minors have been denied admissions into public schools. They went to court and was told that they will be able to go to school, but they will have separate buildings. -
PARC v. Penn Board of Education
PARC sued the Commonwealth of Penn for a state law that allowed schools to deny education to certain students that had mental disabilities. The court did agree that this law was unconstitutional and that anyone should be allowed to get a free education from the age of six to twenty-one. -
Mills v. Board of Education
A class action was filed on behalf of seven students that were being denied their right to a free public education. They were all expelled because of their behaviors, mental retardation, and hyperactivity. One of the students was Peter Mills who was an African American boy who was expelled due to his behavior. The judge ruled in favor of the kids and stated that education services must be provided based on their needs. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
This is a federal law designed to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities in programs and activities that receive Federal financial assistance from the U.S. Department of Education. This includes public school districts, institutions of higher education, and other state and local education agencies. -
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
This protects the privacy of student education records. This law applies to all schools that receive funds under an applicable program of the U.S. Department of Education. This gives parents certain rights with respect to their children's education records. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
The purpose is to guarantee students a Free Appropriate Public Education that prepares them for further education, employment and independent living. This includes an educational program that is individualized to the specific child, designed to meet the child's unique needs, and receives educational benefits. -
Education of All Handicapped Children Act
This act required all public school accepting federal funds to provide one free meal each school day and will have just access to an education to all handicapped students. The schools were required to create an educational plan with parent input that would be as close as an educational experience that the student would be able to get. This also required school districts to provide administrative procedures parents could follow to dispute any decisions. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and anywhere. This is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. -
No Child Left Behind
This called for schools to be accountable for academic performance of ALL students, whether or not they has disabilities. This required states to develop routine assessments of students' academic skills. It provides incentives for schools to demonstrate progress in students with special needs. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
This was first signed into law by President Johnson, he called it The Elementary and Secondary Education Act. President Obama signed it into law in 2015 and called it The Every Student Succeeds Act, it replaced and updated the No Child Left Behind Act. The states have to submit accountability plans to the Education Department. The states are able to pick their own goals. This will help shine a light on students who need more help, and where the schools can improve on.
