-
Brown v. Board of Education
Ruled that "separate but equal" was unconstitutional. The rights of minority citizens began to be reaffirmed in a variety of settings. https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/347/483 -
Public Law 88-164
Government authorized funds to be used to train professionals who would work with children with intellectual and developmental disabilities for research and practice-finding purposes.The Federal Government under President John F. Kennedy took responsibility for providing support and resources for children with disabilities. https://www.thenationalcouncil.org/about/national-mental-health-association/overview/community-mental-health-act/ -
Handicapped Children's Early Education Assistance Act
Model programs, including Head Start, were set up across the US with the intention of proving that working with children with disabilities could improve their lives and futures. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4237907 -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities had a right to free and appropriate public education and could not be excluded from school for their disability. https://disabilityjustice.org/right-to-education/ -
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Act where Section 504 originated. Section 504s are used for children who might not meet criteria of IDEA, but may still be judged eligible for services. Section 504 serves as the bridge between special and general education for children who might experience continuous failing grades, patterns of suspension, or chronic misbehavior. https://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/reg/narrative.html -
Education for All Handicapped Children
Took effect in 1977 with the intent to assure that all children with disabilities have FAPE with the necessary services to meet their unique needs. Also states that children need to be in the least restrictive environment. https://www3.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/pl94-142.html -
Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986
Passed after recognizing the importance of intervention from birth on. State funds were allocated for the development of plans and programs for children of all ages. Title changed to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/fr/fr9/issue3/f090308.html -
Americans with Disabilities Acts
Based on Civil Rights Act of 1964, extends civil rights to all persons with disabilities regardless of any other factor. https://adata.org/learn-about-ada -
IDEA 2004
Improved the quality of personnel working with children with disabilities. Improved IEP standards and required transition planning for students at age 16. https://www.ncld.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/IDEA-Parent-Guide1.pdf -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
Main goal was to stimulate economic activity and improve social institutions and education which would ensure long-time economic health. Resulted in more funds to states under IDEA. https://www.fcc.gov/general/american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act-2009 -
Every Student Succeeds Act
Purpose of this act was to replace No Child Left Behind. The goal was to promote initiatives that would lead to personalized learning for both students and teachers. http://www.ncpublicschools.org/succeeds/
