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Public School Programming
Public school educators believed that the segregated classes were beneficial to the children with disabilities so the number of special segregated classes and support services in public schools increased. -
The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
CEC was founded to provide advocacy for the educational rights of children and youth with disabilities. The organization is a major force in a the development of innovative educational programming, preservice and inservice teacher education and policyu making and lobbying efforts for children and youth with special needs. -
The National Association for Retarded Citizens (ARC)
ARC was organized with the mission of providing information to concerned individuals, monitoring the quality of services for individuals with mental retardation, and advocating for the rights and interests of individuals with mental retardation. -
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Early Federal Involvement
The first significant federal involvement in the education of students with disabiities occurred in the late 1950s and early 1960s. -
The Civil Rights Movement and Brown v. Board of Education
The Brown v. Board of Education case was a landmark case in the civil rights movement and became the major underpining for further cicil rights action. The Brown decision not only had a tremendous impact on societal rights for minorities, but also affected many aspects of educational law and procedure such as the schools' policies abd approaches to students with disabilities. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)
This law was the first time the federal government provided direct funding to the states to assist in educating certain groups of students such as disadvantaged children, including students with disabilities who attended state schools. -
The Education of the Handicapped Act of 1970
This law became the basic framework for much of the legislation that pertained to education and the rights of students with disabilities that came after it. -
Section 504 of the Rehabiliation Act of 1973
Section 504, a short provision of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, was the first federal civil rights law to protect the rights of persons with disabilities. This law states that no qualified "individuals with disabilities shall be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be sibjected to discrimination under any activity receiving federal financial assistance" (Yell, 2013, p. 52). -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
In order to address many educational issues involving students with disabilities and their rights to a receive a FAPE, President Gerald Ford signed into law the most significant increase in the role of the federal goverment in special education to date. -
The Education of the Handicapped Amendments of 1986
This amendent to the EHA, made categorical grants to states contigent on providing services to children with developmental disabilities from birth to their third beirthday (early intervention services). -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (IDEA)
The IDEA of 1990 was a reauthorized version of the EAHCA and boasted several amendments. The IDEA substituted the term disability for the term handicap and made the law more user friendly by incorporating "people first language". The law also clarified and added types of related services, assistive technology and rehabilitation services. -
The IDEA Amendments of 1997
The IDEA 97' was passed to reauthorize and make improvements to the IDEA which included significant changes by providing special education services to students with diabilitities with an emphasis on performance. -
The President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education
The purpose of the commission was to recommend reforms to improve special education and to bring it into alignment with NCLB by requiring special education to be accuntable for results and to rely on scientifically based programming. -
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
This law is the reauthorization of the ESEA and is in response to the low academic achievement of America's students. NCLB mandated at all public schools bring every student up to state standards in reading and math within a certain period of time, thus closing the achievement gap. -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
The IDEA 2004 builds on NCLB by emphasizing increased accountability for student performance at the classroom, school, and school district levels. Among the most important of these are changes in the IEPs, discipline, and identification of students with learning disabilities. IDEA 04' requires that all special education teachers must be certified in special education and meet the highly qualified teacher requirements of NCLB.
