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Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
The International Council for the Education of Exceptional Children was organized by a group of administrators and supervisors attending the summer session at Teachers College, Columbia University, on August 10, 1922. The Council begins with 12 members. The goal of this organization is the advancement of students with exceptionalities.They advocate, create standards and professional development for educators and people who work with students with disabilities. -
Willowbrook State School
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbiYJkiX-Dg] The Willowbrook State School was built for developmentally disabled children and adults in the 1930. However, the school became an institution where vulnerable residents were abused, starved and neglected. The school was overcrowded and the resident were denied the most basic rights. The Willowbrook Consent decree mandated the school to improve conditions and lessen the overcrowding. The school closed it's door in 1987. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
The case that came to be known as Brown v. Board of Education was actually the name given to five separate cases that were heard by the U.S. Supreme Court concerning the issue of segregation in public schools. The main issue in each was the constitutionality of state-sponsored segregation in public schools. This ruling helped desegregate the schools because they were inherently unequal. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. This brought education in the forefront of peoples mind to make schools with quality and equality.The purpose of this act was to have additional resources to our most vulnerable population. ESEA offered grants to districts serving low-income students, federal grants for textbooks and library books, created special education centers, and created scholarships for low-income college students. -
Rehabilitation Act Amendments Section 504
[https://dredf.org/legal-advocacy/laws/section-504-of-the-rehabilitation-act-of-1973/] Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability. Students who have disabilities are protected that attend a schools receiving federal financial assistance. Office for Civil Rights (OCR), enforces Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, (Section 504) a civil rights statute. -
P.L. 94-142
P.L. 94-142 guaranteed a free appropriate public education to each child with a disability. There are four purposes of this law. Changes implicit in the law included efforts to (a) improve how children with disabilities were identified and educated, (b) evaluate the success of these efforts, and (c) provide due process protections for children and families. In addition, the law authorized financial incentives to enable states and localities to comply with P.L. 94-142. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in 1990. The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -
IDEA Re-authorization
On December 3, 2004, President Bush signed the long-awaited Individuals with Disabilities Education
Improvement Act of 2004 that reauthorized the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). They required schools to use research based interventions in the process of assisting students with learning difficulties, or determining eligibility for special education. Schools have implemented Response to Intervention (RTI) as a method of meeting the new requirements set by IDEA 2004. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is a federal law that provides money for extra educational assistance for vulnerable children in return for improvements in their academic progress. NCLB is the most recent version of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act. They created annual standardized testing that measured students progress in reading and math from grades 3-8. and 10-12. NCLB was in act from 2002- 2015. -
Autism Speaks
Autism Speaks was founded in February 2005 by Bob and Suzanne Wright, grandparents of a child with autism. Autism Speak is an organization that is dedicated to promoting solutions for people with autism. They help advocate and create understanding of autism. They also contribute to the research of autism into causes and better interventions.
