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American Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb
1817 – Rev. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet becomes principal of the American Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, the first residential school in the U.S. It was located in Hartford, Connecticut. -
Louis Braille presented his work to his peers for the first time
Louis Braille presented his work of a tactile code that people who are blind could use to read and write. This happened in France but became important in many places including the US. -
New England Asylum for the Blind
The New England Asylum for the Blind was incorporated in Boston. It was the first school in the US that taught students who were blind reading, writing and Math. -
The Normal School
The first Normal school started on July 3, 1839 in Lexington, Massachusetts to train teachers. -
Experimental School for Teaching and Training Idiotic Children
The Experimental School for Teaching and Training Idiotic Children was found in Boston by the reformer Samuel Griley Howe. He also help create the New England Asylum for the Blind. -
Boston School for the Deaf Mutes founded
The oldest US public school for deaf students was founded in Boston. -
The first professional association concerned with disabilities was founded.
First know as the Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feebleminded Persons Which later changed its name many times to show how the world perception of intellectual disabilities have changed over time. 1906: American Association for the Study of the Feebleminded
1933: American Association on Mental Deficiency
1987: American Association on Mental Retardation
2007: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities -
Department of Special Education
1897 the Department of Special Education was created by the National Education Association. -
The Council For Exceptional Children was founded
CEC was organized in 1922 by a small group of administrators and faculty members at Teachers College, Columbia University. In 1941 it merged with the special education department of the National Education Association (NEA) and became a department of NEA. In 1977 CEC withdrew its affiliation with NEA and became its own association. -
Seeing Eye dogs for the blind are introduced in the United States
They were first introduced in Europe post WWI to help veterans who were blinded in the war. -
First Compulsory Law testing of hearing of school age children
New York passed the first Compulsory Law to test hearing of school age children. -
National Association of Parents and Friends of Retarded Children was founded
It was first called National Association for Retarded Children.
1973 to 1981: National Association for Retarded Citizens f
1981 to 1992: Association for Retarded Citizens of the United States 1992 to present: Arc of the United States These name changes reflect the changes of how the US viewed people with disabilities. -
Brown vs The Board of Education
Brown vs The Board of Education pushed the idea that "separate educational facilities are unequal." This lead to the integration of the races in schools, but after awhile the integration of students with disabilities in school. -
Department of Public Welfare v. Haas
Supreme Court of Illinois maintained that the state's compulsory education laws did not require "free public education for the 'feeble-minded' or to no children who were 'mentally deficient' and who, because of limited intelligence, were unable to reap the benefits of a good education. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
This was a cornerstone of LBJ's "War on Poverty" It included the Title I which has the US Department of Education distribute funding to schools and school districts with higher percentage of low-income families. It was designed to close the skill gap between low income students and middle income students. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act Amendments of 1970, including Title VI, the Education of the Handicapped Act
The Education of the Handicapped Act consolidated and expanded the previous federal grant programs to continue funding for pilot projects at the state and local levels. It was the first freestanding special education law, it mandated students with disabilities be educated, and it required that students with disabilities should receive the special education and related services they needed to progress. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
This rolled that failure to provide access to public school violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. Failure to provide notification to parents regarding evaluation is a denial of 5th Amendment. So it the state has undertaken to provide a free public education to all its children then it could not deny retarded children. The school cannot deny education without due process and parents must be notified in writing of any evaluation or re-evaluation of their child. -
Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia
The court ruled that students with disabilities must be given a public education even if the students are unable to pay for the cost of the education. The case held that "all children are entitled to free public education and training appropriate to their learning capacities". -
The Rehabilitation Act pf 1973 Section 504
Sec. 504 covers qualified students with disabilities who attend schools receiving Federal financial assistance. A student must be determined to have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, have a record of such an impairment or be regarded as having such an impairment. It is requires that school districts provide a free appropriate public education to qualified students in their jurisdictions who have a physical or mental impairment. -
Education of Handicapped Act
This law ensured that special education services are available to children who need them. It guaranteed that decisions about services to students with disabilities are fair and appropriate. It established specific management and auditing requirements for special education. Plus it provided federal funds to help the states educate students with disabilities. -
Irving Independent School District v. Tatro
The Court’s decision in Tatro helped define the guidelines of a school’s responsibility for providing EAHCA-related services to students.
1. Eligible children must be identified as having disabilities in order to receive special education services.- School officials are required to supply only those services that are necessary to enable children to benefit from special education.
- School nursing services do not have to be provided if they must be performed by a physician.
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Handicapped Children’s Protection Act of 1986
A bill to amend the Education of the Handicapped Act to authorize the award of reasonable attorneys' fees to certain prevailing parties, and to clarify the effect of the Education of the Handicapped Act on rights, procedures, and remedies under other laws relating to the prohibition of discrimination. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Americans with Disabilites Act was signed into law by George H W Bush. It prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability. -
Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
The six parts of IDEA are:
1. Individualized Education Program
2. Free and Appropriate Public Education
3. Least Restrictive Environment
4. Appropriate Evaluation
5. Parent and Teacher Participation
6. Procedural Safeguards -
No Child Left Behind Act
This law was signed into law in 2002 and it stated that all students including those with disabilities should be proficient in math and reading by the year 2014. It was repealed in 2015. It is also a reauthorization of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which established the federal government's expanded role in public education. -
The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
Like the No Child Left Behind Act, ESSA is a reauthorization of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which established the federal government's expanded role in public education.
