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Charle´s II Death
Charles II was born on May 29, 1630, in St. James's Palace, London, England. After the execution of his father, Charles lived in exile until he was crowned King of England, Ireland and Scotland in 1661. His reign marking the Restoration period, Charles was known for his cavorting lifestyle and feuds with Parliament. He converted to Catholicism just before his death in London on February 6, 1685. -
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War of Spanish Succesion (2)
Castilians -
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War of Spanish Succesion (1)
The War of Spanish Succesion was due to who was going to be in the throne of Spain. In France, Louis XIV claimed the Spanish throne for the Bourbon dynasty in the name of his grandson, Philip, as Louis XIV was Charles's II cousin. France's claim to the throne was because Charles II left all of the Spanish Empire to Philip.
In the other side, in Austria, Leopold I, the Archduke was a first cousin to Charles II, and considered him in the throne more legitimate. -
New Foundation Laws
These foundations are sets of decrees promulgated by King Philip V of Bourbon, by which were abolished the laws and institutions of the Kingdom of Valencia ,Aragon, Catalonia Mallorca,and members of the Crown of Aragon, ending the structure composed of the Spanish Monarchy of the Austrias . The new plant was also applied to the legal and administrative organization of the Kingdom of Castile. -
Treaty of Utrecht
The Treaty of Utrecht was signed in 1713 and brought to an end the War of Spanish Succession between England and France. The immediate aims of Britain were achieved when the France were driven from the Spanish Netherlands and Italy, and the crowns of Spain and France would not be united. France needed the peace to regroup and reformulate it's strategy. The English were also exhausted and took advantage of the opportunity to secure the most advantageous terms possible. -
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Louis I
Louis I was born during the War of the Spanish Succession. He was the King of Spain from the 15th January 1724 until his death the 31st August , on the same year. His reign is one of the shortest in history, lasting for just seven months. -
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Philip V
He was King of Spain from 1700 to 1746 (except for a brief period when Louis I reigned from January to August 1724) Indeed, he ruled from 1700 to 1724 January and from 1724 to 1746. In fact, he was the founder of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. During his reign, Spain began to recover from the long decline it had experienced during the 17th century and to regain "a voice" in the international affairs. -
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Ferdinand VI
Ferdinand VI, was the third King of Spain of Bourbons, Philip V's son and successor. He reigned from 1746 to 1759. He sought a policy of neutrality and gradual reform. After the death of his last wife Maria Bárbara in 1758, he suffered from melancholia and did not long survive her. They had no children so as a consequence, the crown passed to his half brother, Charles III. -
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Charles III
Charles III was king of Spain from 1759 to 1788. He was considered one of the most successful enlightened despots of the 18th century, who helped lead Spain to a brief cultural and economic revival.His reign was marked by economic progress and political stability which is usually considered one of the greatest in Spanish history. -
Treaty of Paris(II)
The two nations returned much of the territory that they had each captured during the war, but Britain gained much of France's possessions in North America. -
Treaty of Paris(I)
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.
The signing of the treaty formally ended the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War in the North American theatre,and marked the beginning of an era of British dominance outside Europe. -
Esquilache Riot
The Esquilache Riots ocurred during the rule of Charles III of Spain, in the first day of march of 1766. Caused mostly about the rising costs of bread and other staples, they were sparked off by a series of measures regarding by Leopoldo de Gregorio, a Neapolitan minister. -
Jesuits expelled by Bourbons
The Jesuits expelled by Bourbons was a result of a series of political movements and start in 1767. Monarchies attempting to centralize and secularize political power viewed the Jesuits as being too international,and too autonomous from the monarchs in whose territory they operated. The Jesuits took refuge in non-Catholic nations, particularly in Prussia and Russia -
American Declaration of Independence
The American Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4,1776. The statement adopted by the Continental Congress meeting at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which announced that the thirteen American colonies,regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. Instead they formed a new nation (the United States of America). John Adams was a leader in pushing for independence. -
First treaty of S.Ildefonso
The first treaty of S.Ildefonso was signed between the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire in 1777, shortly after the crowning of Mary I of Portugal and dismissal of Sebastião de Melo, Marquis of Pombal as the facto ruler of Portugal.
The agreement mainly settled territorial disputes in the Río de la Plata region. Based on the terms of the agreement, Spain ceded territories in Brazil to Portugal in return for maintaining control over the Banda Oriental. -
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Charles IV
He was King of Spain from 1788 to 1808 during the period of the French Revolution. Charles IV succeeded his father Charles III. Unlike his father, he was an ineffective ruler. With the French Revolution under way, Charles turned the government over to his wife and Spain was soon pitted against the revolutionaries. The Spanish throne was given to his son, Ferdinand VII.
Then, Napoleon deposed both Charles and Ferdinand, placing his brother Jose Bonaparte in the Spanish throne. -
French Revolution-Storming of the Bastille
The French Revolution-Storming of the Bastille occurred in Paris, France on the 14 of July in 1789. The medieval prison in Paris know that Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of Paris. The prison was a symbol of the abuse of the monarchy.
During the reign of Louis XVI, France faced a major economic crisis, partially initiated by the cost of intervening in the American Revolution, and by a regressive system of taxation. -
French Revolution-Storming of the Bastille(II)
On 5 May 1789, the Estates-General of 1789 convened to deal with this issue, but were held back by archaic protocols and the conservatism of the Second Estate, consisting of the nobility and amounting to only 2% of France's population at the time. On 17 June 1789, the Third Estate, with its representatives drawn from the commoners, reconstituted themselves as the National Assembly, a body whose purpose was the creation of a French constitution. -
French Revolution-Storming of the Bastille(III)
The king initially opposed this development, but was forced to acknowledge the authority of the assembly, which subsequently renamed itself the National Constituent Assembly. -
Execution of Louis XVI
The execution of Louis XVI took place at the Place de la Revolution in Paris in the 21 of January in 1793. It was a major event of the French Revolution. Louis was arrested, interned in the Temple prison with his family, tried for high treason before convicted in a near-unanimous vote and condemned to death by a slight majority. His execution made him the first victim of the Reign of Terror. His wife Marie Antoinette was guillotined on 16 October, the same year. -
War of Pyrenees
The War of Pyrenees was the war against the First French Republic, in the 7 of march of 1793. It pitted Revolutionary France against the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal from March 1793 to July 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars.
The war was brutal in at least two ways. First, the Committee of Public Safety decreed that all French royalist prisoners be executed. Second, French generals who lost battles were sent to prison or the guillotine with alarming frequency. -
Second Treaty of San Ildefonso
The Second Treaty of San Ildefonso was signed between Spain and the First French Republic.
Based on the terms of the agreement, France and Spain would become allies and combine their forces against the British Empire. -
Napoleon First Consul
Napoleon Bonaparte established himself as the head of a more conservative, authoritarian, autocratic, and centralized republican government in France while not declaring himself head of state in 1799.The Treaty of Lunéville, signed in February 1801 with Austria, restored peace to Europe, gave nearly the whole of Italy to France, and permitted Bonaparte to eliminate from the Assemblies all the leaders of the opposition.
France enjoyed a high level of peace and order under Napoleon. -
Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
It was a treaty between France and Spain in which Spain returned the colonial territory of Louisiana to France. The treaty was concluded between Louis Alexandre Berthier representing France and Don Mariano Luis de Urquijo for Spain. The treaty was negotiated under some duress, as Spain was under pressure from Napoleon, although Spain did gain the Tuscany area. -
Battle of Trafalgar
The battle of Trafalgar was a naval engagement fought by the Royal Navy against the French and Spanish Navies,during the War of the Third Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars. This battle was in the 21 of october of 1805
The battle was the most decisive naval victory of the war. -
Battle of Trafalgar
Twenty-seven British ships of the line led by Admiral Lord Nelson aboard victory defeated thirty-three French and Spanish ships of the line under French Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve in the Atlantic off the southwest coast of Spain in Caños de Meca.The Franco-Spanish fleet lost twenty-two ships, without a single British vessel being lost. -
Treaty of Fontainebleau(I)
The treaty of Fountainebleaus was signed in Fontainebleau between Charles IV of Spain and Napoleon I of France in the 27 of October in 1807. The accord proposed the division of the Kingdom of Portugal and all Portuguese dominions between the signatories.Individuals such as M. Izquierdo, councilor of Charles IV, and Don Manuel de Godoy were also present during the conclusion of the treaty. -
Treaty of Fontainebleau(II)
Based on the first article of the agreement, the King of Etruria would be granted, in exchange for Tuscany,Portuguese territories between the Minho River and the Douro River.
The second article of the treaty proposed the establishment of a new Principality of the Algarves, which included the former Kingdom of Algarve and the province of Alentejo. -
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Peninsular War (1)
The Origin was In 1806, when Napoleon Bonaparte ordered an attempt to prevent England from trading with the European countries but Portugal kept doing business with England. France decided to invade Portugal. But the only way to do it was across Spain, which was not a problem, since, until then, France and Spain had been allies in the Napoleonic Wars.
The war took place in the Iberian Peninsula from 1808 to 1814. -
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Peninsular War (2)
The countries involved in the war were Spain, England, and Portugal against the French Army. It broke out the 2nd of May 2 in 1808, when the people of Madrid rose up against the French troops. The war in the Peninsula did interest the British, because their army made no other important contribution to the war on the continent between 1793 and 1814; And the war, too, made the British commander Arthur Wellesley, afterwards, duke of Wellington. -
First Constitution(I)
The First Constitution was established by the Cádiz Cortes, Spain's first national sovereign assembly, the Cortes Generales in refuge in Cádiz during the Peninsular War in the 19 of march of 1812. It established the principles of universal male suffrage, national sovereignty, constitutional monarchy and freedom of the press, and supported land reform and free enterprise. -
Fisrt constitution(II)
This constitution, one of the most liberal of its time, was effectively Spain's first given that the Bayonne Statute issued in 1808 under Joseph Bonaparte never entered into effect. The Constitution never entered fully into effect either, much of Spain was ruled by the French, while the rest of the country was in the hands of interim junta governments focused on resistance to the Bonapartes rather than on the immediate establishment of a constitutional regime. -
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Ferdinand VII 1st period
Ferdinand VII was king of Spain during the years following the Napoleonic Wars.The country of Spain was recovering from the Peninsular War whose government had been in the hands of foreigners for over six years, with the treasury nearly bankrupt, and a new constitution which reordered the government ratified by the Cortes.
On his first period of ruling, after becoming the King, he abolished the Constitution of 1812 and ruled as an absolute monarch. It was the restoration of absolutism. -
Cien Mil Hijos de San Luis (Holy Alliance) (I)
The Holy Alliance was a coalition created by the monarchist great powers of Russia, Austria and Prussia.The holy alliance was created in 26 in september of 1815 after the ultimate defeat of Napoleon at the behest of Tsar Alexander I of Russia and signed in Paris. The intention of the alliance was to restrain republicanism and secularism in Europe in the wake of the devastating French Revolutionary Wars, and the alliance nominally succeeded in this up until the Crimean War. -
Cien Mil Hijos De San Luis(Holy Alliance) (II)
Otto von Bismarck managed to reunite the Holy Alliance after the unification of Germany, but the alliance again faltered by the 1880s over Austrian and Russian conflicts of interest with regard to the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire. By extension, the Alliance can be considered the most potent prevention against any other general wars on the continent of Europe between 1815 and 1914. -
Riego's Pronunciamiento(I)
The delivery of irrigation , was a "coup" military, carried out by the commander Rafael Irrigation January 1, 1820 in Cabezas de San Juan (Sevilla).The ruling arose between the officers of the troops destined to fight anti-American uprising, due to the existence of a major upset in the army at the end of 1819, by the exclusion of liberal government, together with the Irrigation affiliation to Freemasonry, which contributed to his later success. -
Riego´s Pronunciamiento(II)
Upon issuance of a proclamation came the restoration of constitutional authorities. -
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Ferdinand VII 2nd period
This 2nd period was 'The liberal period'. In 1820 Riego made a 'pronunciamiento'. As a result, the King restored the Constitution. -
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Ferdinand VII 3rd period
In the 3rd period, the victory of absolutism took place and in 1923 Ferdinand asked the Holly Alliance (formed by Prussia, Russia and Autria) to assit hum in re-establishing the absolutism. It lasted ten years of repression and persecution. -
Pragmatic Sanction(I)
The Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 issued March 29,by King Ferdinand VII of Spain, ratified a Decree of 1789 by Charles IV of Spain, which had replaced the semi-Salic system established by Philip V of Spain with the mixed succession system that predated the Bourbon monarchy. -
Pragmatic Sanction(II)
When Philip V, from the French Bourbon acceded to the Spanish throne in the Spanish War of Succession, he brought with him the Salic Law, which restricted succession to the throne to the direct male line. However, King Ferdinand VII of Spain had fathered only two daughters, Isabella and Luisa Ferdinand of Bourbon. -
Pragmatic Sanction(III)
Ferdinand's father, Charles IV of Spain made a weak attempt to eliminate the Salic Law, and Ferdinand brought forth the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830, so that his oldest daughter would inherit the throne and be declared queen upon his death, as was the Spanish custom.
This removed his brother, Infante Carlos, Count of Molina, as the next in the line of succession under Salic Law. -
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Three Carlist Civil Wars (1)
The Carlist Wars were a series of civil wars that took place in Spain during the 19th century. The ones who fought, was due to establishing their claim to the throne, although some political differences existed. -
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Isabella II (1)
Isabella II was the Queen of Spain from 1833 to 68. Her troubled reign was marked by political instability and the rule of military politicians. Isabella’s failure to respond to growing demands for a more progressive regime, her questionable private life, and her political irresponsibility contributed to the decline in monarchical strength and prestige that led to her deposition in the Revolution of 1868. -
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Regency of María Cristina
María Cristina de Borbón was the Queen of Spain from 1833 to 1840.
Maria married Ferdinand VII in 1829. In 1830 Maria convinced her husband to change the law of succession to allow their daughter, Isabella, to become queen, an action that deprived the king’s brother, Don Carlos and that, eventually ,precipitated the First Carlist War.
When Ferdinand died , María Cristina became regent with absolute power, but within a few days the First Carlist War began. -
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Isabella II (3)
The Carlists were defeated in 1839, but the following year Baldomero Espartero, a liberal and the most powerful general in the country, forced Maria Cristina to leave Spain. Isabella remained behind. -
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Three Carlist Civil Wars (2)
The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1839, fought for the succession to the throne and the nature of the Spanish monarchy. It was fought between supporters of the regent, Maria Christina, acting for Isabella II of Spain, and those of the late king's brother, Carlos de Borbón (or Carlos V). The Carlists supported return to an absolute monarchy. -
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Three Carlist Civil Wars (3)
The Second Carlist Civil War was a short civil war fought primarily in Catalonia by the Carlists under General Ramón Cabrera against the forces of the government of Isabella II. The uprising began in September 1846 and continued until May 1849, spreading to Galicia. -
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Three Carlist Civil Wars (4)
The Third Carlist War 1872–1876) was the last Carlist War in Spain. Queen Isabella II was overthrown by a conspiracy of liberal generals in 1868, and left Spain in some disgrace. Then, when the Spanish elections of 1872 resulted in government violence against Carlist candidates and a swing away from Carlism, the Carlist pretender, Carlos VII, decided that only force of arms could win him the throne. The Third Carlist War began. It lasted until 1876. -
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Regency of Maria Cristina (2)
Maria’s government proved unstable, since it did not entirely satisfy her liberal supporters and also failed to erase the suspicions of the absolutists. Moreover, Maria’s secret marriage to Fernando Muñoz antagonized many of her supporters. On the 15th of May in 1836, after a mutiny at La Granja, she was forced to accept the liberal Constitution of 1812. -
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Regency of Maria Cristina (3)
The opposition of General Baldomero Espartero, whose victories over the Carlists had virtually ended the civil war, prompted María Cristina to resign the regency in 1840. Her attempt to participate in the political life of the country during the reign of Isabella II failed, and María Cristina was compelled to go into exile in 1854. -
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Isabella II (2)
Isabella was the daughter of Ferdinand VII of Spain and Maria Cristina of Naples. Her uncle Don Carlos refused to recognize her right to the throne, and after the death of Ferdinand in late 1833 a bitter civil war broke out between the conservative elements, who supported Don Carlos, and the liberal groups, who supported the young princess and her mother, the Queen Regent. -
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Regency of Espartero (1)
Baldomero Espartero became head of the government in 1840 and selected a group of ministers who agreed with his progressive ideas. María Cristina preferred to resign the regency rather than accept his program of reforms. Espartero was then appointed regent by the Spanish Parliament.
Espartero’s regency revealed his faulty understanding of politics. -
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Regency of Espartero (2)
The Progressive Party was not united, and when Agustín Argüelles was appointed tutor to young Isabella II by the Cortes, María Cristina’s protests from Paris gained the support of the moderates. Generals Concha and Diego de Léon attempted to seize Isabella in September 1841, and the severity with which Espartero crushed their rebellion made his government unpopular.
He put down a revolt in Barcelona in 1842 by bombarding the city and a republican revolt in 1842 with equal harshness. -
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Regency of Espartero
In 1843 Generals Ramón Narváez and Francisco Serrano rose against Espartero and obliged him to flee to England, where he lived until 1849, when he returned to Spain and lived in retirement at Logroño. -
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Spanish Glorious Revolution (1)
The Glorious Revolution started by the Spanish liberal movement as an answer to the increasingly conservative and dictatorial monarchy of Isabel II.Its participants were political and military opposition to Isabella II.So combatants were Spanish Liberal Movement and Kingdom of Spain.The outcome was the expulsion of Isabella II.One of the major battles was the "Battle of Alcolea".The ones from the Spanish Liberal Movement suffered less casualties and had a higher strength refering to soldiers. -
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Spanish Glorious Revolution (2)
After the victory, Spain was established as a Constitutional Monarchy. -
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Amadeus of Savoy (1)
Amadeus of Savoy was King of Spain from the 16th of November 1870, until his abdication on the 11th of February 1873, after which the first Spanish republic was proclaimed.
He was the second son of the Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont (later, of Italy),he was originally called Amadeus I, duke of Aosta.His candidacy for the Spanish throne (vacant after the deposition of Isabella II in September 1868) was supported by Juan Prim,the Spanish prime minister,and Francisco Serrano, the regent. -
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Amadeus of Savoy (2)
He was elected king by the Cortes. He was opposed by adherents of Isabella’s son Alfonso de Borbón and advocates of a republic.The supportings for Alfonso increased, along with republican agitation, and the Second Carlist War (1872–76) broke out. Indeed, Amadeus abdicated and returned to Italy. -
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First Republic (2)
In 1874 there was another uprising and it brought about the restoration of the monarchy: Alfonso XII was installed as a Spanish Monarch, to reign under a newly ratified liberal constitution. -
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First Republic (1)
The First Spanish Republic took place after the abdication of Amadeus of Savoy and ended when General Arsenio Martínez-Campos marked the beginning of the Bourbon Restoration in Spain.
Spain had a republican government for the first time with many problems to solve:
► Demands for greater regional autonomy in Andalucia, Levante and Cataluña
►The division of republicans
►The Third Carlist War (1872-1876)
