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Period: 1833 BCE to 1876 BCE
Three Carlist Wars
The Carlist Wars were a series of civil wars that took place in Spain during the 19th century. The contenders fought to establish their claim to the throne, although some political differences also existed. the Carlists, wich were followers of Infante Carlos, rallied to the cry of "God, Country, and King" and fought for the cause of Spanish tradition against liberalism, and later the republicanism.
The Carlist Wars had a strong regional component (Basque region, Catalonia, etc.) -
1823 BCE
Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
It was the popular name for a French army created in 1823 by the Bourbon King of France, Louis XVIII to help the Spanish Royalists restore King Ferdinand VII of Spain to the absolute power. The actual number of troops was around 60,000. It was led by the Duke of Angoulême, the son of the future King Charles X of France. -
1707 BCE
New Foundation Decrees
They were a number of decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by Philip V ,the first Bourbon King of Spain, after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession by the Treaty of Utrecht.The decrees ruled that all the territories in the Crown of Aragon except the Aran Valley were to be ruled by the laws of Castile. -
Period: Dec 11, 1474 to Nov 26, 1504
Isabella I
She was Queen of Castile. She was married to Ferdinand II of Aragon. Their marriage became the basis for the political unification of Spain by their grandson, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
After a struggle to claim her right to the throne, she reorganized the governmental system, brought the crime rate to the lowest it had been in years, and unburdened the kingdom of the enormous debt her brother had left behind. -
Period: to
Charles II
He was known as "The Bewitched" and was the last Habsburg ruler of Spain. His realm included Southern Netherlands ,the Americas and the Spanish East Indies.He was noted for his extensive physical, intellectual, and emotional disabilities. -
Period: to
War of Spanish Succession
It was a major European conflict of the early 18th century.
Charles II had ruled over a large empire, and the question of who would succeed him had troubled ministers throughout Europe. Attempts to solve the problem by dividing the empire between the Bourbons, Habsburg and Wittelsbach ultimately failed, so on his deathtime Charles II gave the Spanish inheritance to his grandnephew Philip, Duke of Anjou. Philip ruling in Spain would secure great advantages for his dynasty. -
Treaty of Utrecht
The Treaty of Utrecht, which established the Peace of Utrecht, is a series of individual peace treaties,signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713. The treaties between several European states, including Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal, Savoy and the Dutch Republic, helped end the war. -
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Floridablanca
He was a Spanish statesman. He was the reformist chief minister of King Charles III of Spain, and also served briefly under Charles IV. He was arguably Spain's most effective statesman in the eighteenth century. In Spain, he is simply known as Conde de Floridablanca. -
Family Compacts (Three)
The Pacte de Famille, Family Compact, is one of three alliances between the Bourbon kings of France and Spain.
The first of these was made on November 7, 1733 by King Philip V of Spain and King Louis XV of France in the Treaty of the Escorial.
The second one was made on October 25, 1743 again by King Philip V of Spain and King Louis XV of France in the Treaty of Fontainebleau.
The third one was made on 15 August 1761 by King Charles III of Spain and Louis XV in the Treaty of Paris -
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Jovellanos
Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos was born at Gijón in Asturias, Spain. He was a Spanish neoclassical author, philosopher and a major figure of the Age of Enlightenment. In his work on agrarian law, he called on the crown to eliminate the concentration of land ownership, ownership of land by the Catholic Church, and the existence of common lands unavailable to private ownership -
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Charles III
He was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies and he was the fifth son of Philip V of Spain. As Duke of Parma, he conquered the kingdoms of Naples and of Sicily, and was crowned king on 3 July 1735, reigning as Charles VII of Naples and Charles V of Sicily. In 1738 he married Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony, who gave birth to 13 children but only eight of them reached adulthood. -
Esquilache Riots
It occurred in March 1766 during the rule of Charles III of Spain. Caused mostly by the discontent in Madrid about the rising costs of bread and other staples, they were sparked off by a series of measures regarding Spaniards' apparel that had been made by Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marqués de Esquilache -
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Charles IV
He was born in Naples (11 November 1748) and his wife was Maria Amalia of Saxony.
Charles intended to maintain the policies of his father, and retained his prime minister, the Count of Floridablanca in office. He had a profound belief in the sanctity of his office and kept up the appearance of an absolute, powerful monarch. -
Execution of Louis XVI
The execution of Louis XVI, by the guillotine, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution in Paris. It was a major event of the French Revolution -
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War of the Pyrenees
The War of the Pyrenees, also known as War of Roussillon or War of the Convention, was the Pyrenean front of the First Coalition's war against the First French Republic. It was the Revolutionary France against the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal -
Treaty of San Ildefonso
It was a treaty between France and Spain in which Spain returned the colonial territory of Louisiana to France. The treaty was made on 1 October 1800 between Louis Alexandre Berthier and Don Mariano Luis de Urquijo. The terms of the treaty did not specify the boundaries of the territory being returned, and also affirmed the earlier Treaty of Alliance -
Napoleon is crown as emperor
The coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French took place on Sunday December 2, 1804 at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. It marked "the instantiation of modern empire".
Napoleon wanted to establish legitimacy of his Imperial reign, with its new royal family and new nobility. -
Battle of Trafalgar
It was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the fleets of the French and Spanish Navies, during the War of the Third Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars. -
Treaty of Fontainebleau
The Treaty of Fontainebleau was signed on 27 October 1807 in Fontainebleau between Charles IV of Spain and Napoleon I of France by France and Spain regarding the occupation of Portugal. Under this treaty Portugal was divided into three regions: the Entre-Douro-e-Minho Province for the King of the Etrúria, the Principality of the Algarves under Spanish minister D, and Manuel Godoy and the remaining wich were to be distributed under a later agreement. -
Period: to
Ferdinand VII
Ferdinand VII was twice King of Spain: in 1808 and again from 1813 to his death. He was known as "the Desired" (el Deseado).He reestablished the absolutist monarchy and rejected the liberal constitution of 1812. He suppressed the liberal press 1814-33 and jailed many of its editors and writers. Under his rule, Spain lost nearly all of its American possessions, and the country entered into civil war on his death. -
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Peninsular War
It was a military conflict between Napoleon's empire and the allied powers of Spain, Britain and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars.This war is regarded as one of the first wars of national liberation. -
First Spanish Constitution
It was established on 19 March 1812 by the Cádiz Cortes. It established the principles of universal male suffrage, national sovereignty, constitutional monarchy and freedom of the press, and supported land reform and free enterprise. It was one of the most liberals of its time -
Abdications of Bayonne
It is the name given to a series of forced abdications of the Kings of Spain that led to the Spanish War of Independence (1808-1814) -
Riego´s pronunciamiento
The military pronouncement took place in the Sevillian town of Las Cabezas de San Juan. It was made by Colonel Rafael de Riego, who had been commissioned to lead an expedition against the insurgents in the colonies of America.
He proclaimed the restoration of the Constitution of Cadiz (1812, La Pepa) and the restoration of the constitutional authorities -
Canal de Castilla
It is a canal in the north of Spain, constructed between the last half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, it runs 207 km through the provinces of Burgos, Palencia and Valladolid and in the Autonomous Community of Castile and León.
Parts of it are still in use, irrigating 48 municipalities. -
Spanish Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution took place in Spain in 1868, resulting in the deposition of Queen Isabella II. Leaders of the revolution wanted an Italian prince, Amadeo of Savoy, as king. His reign lasted two years, and he was replaced by the first Spanish Republic. That also lasted two years, until leaders in 1875 proclaimed Isabella's son, as King Alfonso XII in the Bourbon Restoration. -
Period: to
First Republic
It was the short-lived political regime that existed in Spain.
The Republic's founding started with the abdication of Amadeo I on 10 February 1873, following the Hidalgo Affair, when he had been required by the radical government to sign a decree against the artillery officers. The next day, 11 February the republic was declared by a parliamentary majority made up of republicans and democrats. -
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Cuban War
The Cuban War of Independence was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain.
The final three months of the conflict become the Spanish–American War, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands against Spain.
