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1215
Magna Carta
The Magna Carta is signed, establishing the foundation of English rights -
1514
Nicolaus Copernicus
developed the heliocentric theory -
1543
Galileo
Galileo uses a telescope to prove the heliocentric theory -
The Baroque period
The Baroque period began in art, music, and architecture (Bach and Handel were composers) -
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler discovers planetary motion -
William Harvey
William Harvey shows that the heart acts as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body -
The Palace of Versailles
The Palace of Versailles is built under the reign of Louis XIV -
English Civil War
The English Civil War begins between the Roundheads ( supporters of Parliament) and the Cavaliers (supporters of the King) -
Charles I death
Charles I is beheaded -
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan - social contract ( people give up rights to a strong ruler who maintains order) -
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell begins rule over England as the Lord Protector -
Restoration of Charles II
the monarchy was put back in control in England -
James II
James II becomes King of England -
Isaac Newton
Isaac newton publishes the laws of gravity -
William and Mary
William and Mary become the leaders of England (this is known as the Glorious Revolution) -
English Bill of Rights
The English Bill of Rights was passed laying out specific rights on parliament and putting limits on royal power -
John Locke
John Locke publishes Two Treaties on Government - it was his theory of "natural rights" (life, liberty, and property) -
Peter I
Peter I becomes czar of Russia -
The Novel
The Novel became a new type of literature (Miguel Cervantes wrote Don Quixote -
St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg becomes capital of Russia -
The Age of Reason
The Age of Reason (or Enlightenment) begins -
Francis-Marie Arouet
Francis-Marie Arouet changes his name to Voltaire and goes on to Champion individual freedoms -
Russia Westernization
Peter the great begins to westernize Russia -
Montesquieu
Montesquieu publishes On the Spirit of Laws - detailing separation of powers in government -
The Classical period
The Classical period began in art, music, and architecture (Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were composers) -
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Jean Jacques Rousseau writes The Social Contract - free individuals create a society and government -
The American Revolution
The American Revolution begins which was heavily influenced by the Age of Enlightenment -
Louis XVI
Louis XVI becomes king -
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson writes the Declaration of Independence -
The Constitution
The Constitution is ratified in the United States -
The French Revolution
The French Revolution begins, having been influenced by the Age of Enlightenment and American Revolution -
The Storming of The Bastille
The Storming of The Bastille was the symbolic start of the French Revolution -
The Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights (first 10 amendments) is added to the Constitution -
The Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror marked a period of mass executions during the French Revolution -
Louis XVI is executed
Louis XVI was executed at the guillotine -
Marie Antoinette is executed
Marie Antoinette was executed at the guillotine -
Edward Jenner
Edward Jenner develops the smallpox vaccine -
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in France in a coup d'etat -
Eugene Delacroix
Eugene Delacroix begins the transition of art to the romantic school -
all weather road
all weather roads were created to improve year round transport and trade
