-
1215
The Magna Carta
Was signed establishing the foundations of English rights -
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
Developed the heliocentric theory -
1564
Galileo
Used the telescope to support the proof of the heliocentric theory -
1578
William Harvey
Showed that the heart acted as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body -
Johannes Kepler
Discovered planetary motion -
James II
Became the King of England -
Louis XIV
Became the king of France -
The English Civil War
Began between the Roundheads (supporters of the King) -
The Restoration of Charles II
The monarchy was put back in control in England -
Oliver Cromwell
Began his rule of England as the Lord Protector -
Charles I
England was beheaded -
Peter I
Became the czar of Russia -
The Palace of Versailles
Was built under the reign of Louis XIV -
Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan
Social contract (people give up rights to a strong ruler who maintains order) -
The Age of Reason
(the Enlightenment) began -
William and Mary
became the leaders of England (this is referred to as the Glorious Revolution) -
The English Bill of Rights
Passed laying out specific rights on Parliament and putting limits on royal power -
John Locke
published Two Treatises on Government it was his theory of “natural rights” (life, liberty, and property) -
Francois-Marie Arouet
Changed his name to Voltaire and goes on to champion individual freedoms -
The Westernization of Russia
Was started by Peter the Great -
Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote The Social Contract
Free individuals create a society and government -
The American Revolution
Began which was heavily influenced by the Age of Enlightenment -
St. Petersburg
Became the capital of Russia under Peter the Great -
Montesquieu published On the Spirit of Laws
Detailing separation of powers in government -
Thomas Jefferson
Wrote the Declaration of Independence -
The Constitution
Was ratified on the United States -
The French Revolution
began having been influenced by the Enlightenment and the American Revolution -
The Storming of the Bastille
The symbolic start of the French Revolution -
The Bill of Rights
(first 10 amendments) was added to the Constitution of the United States -
The Reign of Terror
Marked a period of mass executions during the French Revolution -
Louis XVI
Executed at the guillotine -
Edward Jenner
Introduced a vaccine to prevent small pox -
Isaac Newton
Published his law of gravity
