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The English Revolution Begins
The English Revolution mostly began because of poor decisions by Charles I and his absolute monarchy. He failed to aid protestant christians during the 30 years war, brought back shipo money, disowned his subjects, and created distrust beetween him and the Calvinists. Then, a Civil War broke out beetween the Roundheads (Rebels), and the Cavaliers (Charles). -
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English Revolution
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Battle Of Edgehill
The Battle Of Edgehill was the very first battle beetween the roundheads and the royalists. It was an indesicive, and inconclusive battle. Royalists moved in on London to force out Parliament. Parliament artillery opened fire and the battle began. Most of the fighters were inexperienced so a large number of the troops fled the fight. -
The Siege of Oxford
The siege of Oxford is the battle where the king, and the royalist army were defeated by Parliament and the roundheads. The king escaped disguised as a peasant though and fled to Scotland where he stayed until the Scots betrayed him for 100,000 euro and monthly payment of more than that for another year. -
The English Revolution Ends
The English Revolution ends with Charles I's execution. Charles I was beheaded for high treason against the king (even though He was the king).The people saw him as a tyrannical, absolute monarch. England became a constitutional monarchy, and has been ever since. -
Oliver Cromwell is Elected Lord Protector
Oliver Cromwell's election into parliament was a historic moment. Historic because Oliver Cromwell would eventually lead the roundhead/rebel army against King Charles I to victory, and victory again against King Charles II. After the civil war, Cromwell was elected prime-minister of England, but turned out to become what he was fighting to get rid of. He was executed in 1660 and had his corpse dug up, hung in chains, and beheaded. -
The First Sparks of the Industrial Revolution
The first successful piece of machinery ever produced was made in the year 1712, by Thomas Newcomen, a British inventor who created a steam engine for pumping out water from coal mines. This sparked up hundreds of mechanical inventions all across europe. Including the cotton gin, power loom, and the Watt steam engine. -
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Industrial Revolution
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People Move from farms into Factory housing
The invention of machinery played a big part in moving forward the british agriculture. With the new machinery, less farmers were needed to feed the population, so more and more farmers were working in the factories. At the begining of the revolution almost all of the population were farmers of some sort. Now, after the revolution, almost all of them didn't work on farms. -
The Textile Industry
The Textile Industry was probably the first industry to really feel the effects of the industrial revolution. It also might have been the MOST affected. A weaver's speed was doubled by the Flying Shuttle. The Water Frame greatly increased the output rate of spinning, as well as the spinning Jenny, invented by James Heargreaves in 1764. These were combined in the spinning mule in 1779, invented by Samuel Compton. -
Inustrial Metallurgy
A major change in the metal industries during the industrial revolution was the replacement of wood with coal. Coal required much less labour to mine than cutting wood, and coal is a more common substance than wood in Britain. Abraham Darby made a large stride forward by using coke to fuel blast furnaces to make mostly cast iron goods such as pots and kettles. -
The Boston Tea Party
The Boston tea party was a well organized event that involved throwing tea crates into the harbour protesting the new tea act. The new tea act raised the tax prices of tea, colonists still caught the revolutionary spirit and revolted. The sons of liberty were dressed as tomahawks as they revolted. This incident remains an iconic event in the history of the american revolution. -
The Quebec Act
An act that composed of the province of quebec's territory expandong to take over part of the indian reserve including much of the Ohio Valley, Ontario, and Michigan. An oath of alliegance was created that didn't include anything about the protestant faith. It guaranteed practice of the catholic faith. It restored the use of french civil law, and english common law in court. The act also restored the catholic church's right to tithe. -
American Revolution Begins
The English Colonists in America's rebelious sentiment builds until "The shot heard around the world" was fired. At Lexington, a squad of patriots faced off against a squad of red coats. They each demanded the other to drop their weapons, and the patriots shot and ran away. In the chase most of the red coats died, and little or no patriots were killed. -
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American Revolution
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The Battle of Yorktown
The battle of Yorktown was a decicive victory from a combined force of the American Continental Army, and The French Army.Each led by George Washington and Compte de Rochambeau.The British army led by Lord Cornwallis. It was the last major battle of the American reovultion.Various tactics of deception led to confusion in the British army. Then the amreican and French armies sandwiched the British in modern day New York. -
American Revolution Ends
The american revolution ended with the americans signing the Paris treaty on january 14th 1784. On November 25 1783, the last British troops left the city of New york, and thus ended most of the fighting. The treaty of Versailles was signed on September 3, which was a peace treaty beetween Britain, and the other allies of america. -
Child Labour
The Point at which child labour took it's peak was around 1788, when 2/3rd's of the workers in england were children. Many children lost limbs because they were not big enough to operate machines properly. Most machines were originally designed for matured people to operate. Child labourers had something similar to an 84 hour average work week compared to today's 40 hour average work week. -
The French Revolution Begins
The French revolution was an extremely dynamic period. France and it's government were forever changed. It's absolute monarchy, was abolished and replaced with a constitutional monarchy. The people, now realized they had power to topple and rebel against government that they all disagreed with. -
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French Revolution
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The Fall of the Bastille
The fall of the Bastille was a momentous moment of the french revolution. It greatly boosted rebelious morale, and destroyed the military threat to the rioting mob. An angry mob angry because of rising bread prices moved in on the bastille, breaking in and destroying much of the property. Eventually they would tear it down brick by brick. A surprising amount of the guards defending the prison joined the mob, and mercenaries sent by the king ran away. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen gave all french men freedom of thought, and gave women the rights of citizenship. Men also recieved freedom of speech, reilgion, security, and property. There was now no more nobility, and the government owned church property. After these laws were passed, the king and his queen tried to leave the country. Their efforts failed, and reduced their reputation even more. -
The Reign of Terror
The Reign of terror is a time period during the French revolution in which the committee of pulic safety came under control of Maximillian Robespierre. At least 16,594 died by the guillotine. And it is believed that around 40,000 more died waiting for a trial, or without trial. -
The French Revolution Ends
At the end of the french revolution, France was left with many dead, including dead monarchs, officials, and generals. France was now a Constitutional Republic, which left the monarch as little more than a figure head. -
New Transportation
The invention of the iron horse, and the steamship, greatly enhanced commuting, and th transportation of goods across the country. Trains would quickly move people, and equipment from point A to point B WAY faster than on foot mules. Same with the steamship. Steamships moved people and cargo much faster across water than any other ships at the time.
