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Donatello was born in the Republic of Florence. His parents were Orsa Bardi and Niccolo de Betto Bardi
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A group of Flemish painters, led by Jan and Hubert van Eyck, painted scenes from daily life and the Bible which showed realistic detail. They developed the technique of painting in oils.
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Niethammer leads a new intellectual movement known as humanism. Humanism focused on worldly themes rather than religious ideas which concerned philosophersin the Middle Ages.
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Italian painters develop a more realistic style of painting. They use it to make it look more 3 dimensional on a flat piece of paper.
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Medici becomes head of the bank after his father passed away. He used his economic power to combine political power and ran the city without question.
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After the Medici rulers supported humanism and fostered among Florence's scholars and artists, Cosimo De'Medici gained control of Florence. His goal was to end workers´ uprisings by starting an income tax in which placed a heavier burden on wealthier people.
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Leonardo was born near the Tuscan town of Vinci. His birthplace was in Anchiano, Italy.
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With King Henry VII coming to power, Renaissance ideas spread to England. He invited Italian Renaissance scholars to England in which they were taught humanist ideas.
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Donatello, an Italian early Renaissance artist, created the Equestrian statue of Gattamelata sculpture. It is located in Piazza del Santo, in Padua, Italy
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The Constantinople falls to the Ottoman Turks, which caused the Greek people to evacuate. It also produced works of art and literature into the Italian city-states.
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Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany had printed the first complete edition of the Bible using a printing press with movable type. These books were slowly copied out by hand.
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Donatello died from a disease in Florence, Italy. His unfinished work was genuinely finished by his student, Bertoldo di Giovanni.
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Sixtus become Pope of Florence. He accepted many successful projects in Rome but dishonored the Church through his dishonest of favoritism.
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Michaelangelo is born in the small village of Caprese. He lived in Caprese Michaelangelo, Italy.
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Leonardo creates a portrait of Ginevra Becni to celebrate her marriage to Luigi di Bernardo Niccolini. Leonardo made this an oil-on-wood portrait.
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Florence's economy was based on banking and textile industries. It starts to decline due to the increasing competition of textile industries in other countries.
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The Medici were forced to turn over the rule of Florence to Savonarola, who was a monk and had strict rules on citizens' behavior. He had people make bonfires to burn books and paintings but they started to dislike Savonrola's strict ways, so the Medici family returned to power.
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Leonardo creates this mural painting in Santa Maria delle Grazie. It becomes one of the Western world's most recognizable paintings.
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Luther lays a foundation for a new Protestant religion known as Lutheranism. Catholicism stressed faith and good works in getting salvation and using teaching as a spiritual guide while on the other hand, Lutheranism stressed salvation by faith alone.
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Michaelangelo creates the Statue of David. It was one of the most famous works of the Renaissance.
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The Mona Lisa painting, created during the Renaissance period, was by Leanardo Da Vinci, an Italian Renaisaance artist. The painting was of Lisa del Giocondo and made with oil paint.
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This painting by da Vinci is considered a lost painting, or also referred to as "The Lost leonardo". The Battle of Anghiari painting is believed by commentators to be hidden beneath one of the frescoes in the Salone dei Cinquecento.
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Erasmus makes the book, "In Praise of Folly" in Latin. This book was one of the most important books of Italian Renainsance Humanism and was written for Sir Thomas More.
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"The Prince" book examined the politics of Renaissance in Italy. The book stated that rulers should use force and deceit to hold power that influenced the thought and actions of later political leaders.
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Da Vinci draws this painting as a self-portrait of himself. He drew this at about the age of 60.
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This movement in Germany for church reform led to a split in the Church which showed a new form of Christianity, known as Protestantism. Martin Luther, who was a German monk started the Protestant Reformation.
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Martin Luther challenges the traditional practices of the church and Pope Leo X. Luther believed that a person's wealth should not impact their status in the afterlife.
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Leonardo Da Vinci passed away at age 67. The cause of his death was of a stroke.
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Pope Leo X rejects Luther. With Luther refusing to deny his writings, the Pope declares him an outlaw.
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Some new Protestant groups in Western Europe, known as the Anabaptists, started using adults for baptizing. They believed that only people who could make an informed choice to become Chritsians should be allowed to do so.
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Zwingli set up a church-run state in the Swiss city of Zurich. He did this because he wanted a complete break with Church traditions.
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Zwingli sets up a church-run state in the Swiss city of Zurich. He does this to break with Church traditions.
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After Pope Clement VII rejects to grant the imperial army a payment, they attack the city of Rome and taking the city in 12 hours. The sack of Rome represents the downfall of Renaissance Italy in which conquered to Imperial-Spanish rule by the agreement of Bologna.
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By the end of the 15th century, any wars had tormented the Italian peninsula and with Spanish, French, and German attackers battling for Italian territories. This caused unreliability in the region.
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Calvin establishes a theocracy in the Swiss city of Geneva. He believed that God had all-encompassing power, knowledge, and directed everything that has happened in the past, present, and will happen in the future.
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King Henry VIII asked the Pope to agree to a divorce between himself and his wife Catherine since she was too old to have children. The Pope refused the request and King Henry VIII persisted.
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The Radical Anabaptists, protestant groups in Western Europe burned books and took over private property. They were crushed by Lutherans and Catholics and any surviving Anabaptist believers were persecuted.
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When the Council of Trent Reforms was created as a response of the Protestant Reformation, they had objectives. Their goal was to stop sales of indulgences, strengthen spiritual life, and protect catholic people.
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The Catholic Church started a movement which is the Counter-Reformation, or Catholic Reformation. They tried to eliminate many of the abuses in the Church.
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Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent that was a movement in which the attempted to eliminate many of the abuses in the Church. He encouraged the beginning of the reform movement which was to influence the Roman Catholic Church.
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King Henry VIII died from natural causes and his health was poor. When he died, his 9-year-old son, Edward succeeds him and dominates Protestant officials.
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After Mary's brother Edward died in his teens, Mary became queen and tried to restore Catholicism. But instead, she ended up burning many Protestants at the stake.
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After Elizabeth's sister, Mary died, Elizabeth becomes queen. To unite the English people, Elizabeth makes the English Church Protestant with some Catholic features which had a blend that became known as Anglicanism.
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Michelangelo died in Rome, Italy at the age of 88. Six days before his death, he was in the process of making a sculpture, known as the Rondanini Pieta, which he didn't complete.
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Romeo and Juliet was a tragedy play that was about two lovers whose deaths eventually harmonize their feuding families. The setting of this play was during the 16th century.
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Shakespeare builds his own theatre, Shakespeare's Globe since the English people were increasingly eager for plays and other kinds of entertainment. This theatre was a three-story, open-air theatre that could seat 3,000 people with a stage that was more than 40 feet wide.
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Many Anabaptist groups went to North America because they were promoted ideas. The ideas they encouraged were of religious freedom and separation of church and state.
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The first performance of Shakespeare's play, "Hamlet" was in the United Kingdom. The genre of this play was Tragedy and drama and included characters such as Hamlet, Ophelia, Polonius, Claudius, etc.
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The genre of Macbeth was tragedy by William Shakespeare. It amplifies the damaging bodily and psychological results of political aspiration on those who seek power for its own sake.
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St. Peter's Basilica's Church was rebuilt. It was the largest church in the Christian world and artists created huge paintings and sculptures to decorate it.
