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Period: Apr 15, 1452 to Mar 2, 1519
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci was Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer whose skill and intelligence, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. His Last Supper (1495–98) and Mona Lisa (c. 1503–19) are among the most widely popular and influential paintings of the Renaissance. His notebooks reveal a spirit of scientific inquiry and a mechanical inventiveness that were centuries ahead of their time.
video:https://youtu.be/XjcJG0YQSds -
Mar 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople. After a 55-day attack on Constantinople, the Ottomans broke through the city's historic wall, bringing an end to the Byzantine Empire. The Ottoman expansion was made possible by the loss of the city, which took away what had once been a potent barrier against Muslim invasion.
Short video Map Byzantine -
1454
Printing press by Gutemberg
Gutenberg's printing press was a revolutionary invention since it made books accessible. His invention (is believed) included a metal alloy that could melt easily and cool quickly to form durable reusable type, oil-based ink that could be made thick enough to adhere well to metal type and transfer well to vellum or paper, and a new press for applying firm even pressure to printing surfaces, probably modified from presses used to produce oil or paper).
Short video -
1469
Marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile
Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile got married. This led to the unification of Spain. -
Period: 1474 to 1504
Catholic Kings´reign
Isabel of Castilla and Fernando of Aragon received the name the Catholic Kings by a Valencian Pope. The reign of the Catholic Kings would be the moment of transition between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era. The two crowns of the Trastamara dynasty—those of Castilla and Aragon—were united and as a result of their union, setting the way for the Hispanica monarchy.
Video
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Period: May 6, 1475 to Feb 18, 1564
Michael Angelo
Michael Angelo, an Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet, had an important influence on the evolution of Western art. In his lifetime, Michelangelo was recognized as the greatest living artist, and ever since, he has been considered as one of the greatest artists of all time. His paintings, sculptures, and architectural creations are among the most well-known in history.
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Period: 1478 to
Spanish Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition was a legal organization that was founded in Spain to suppress heresy(belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious (especially Christian) doctrine). The Spanish Inquisition's actual purpose was to strengthen the monarchy of the newly united Spanish country, but it did so by employing notably cruel methods. -
Period: 1481 to 1492
Reconquest of Granada
In early eighth-century Spain and Portugal, Christian rulers launched a reconquest to retake territory from the Muslims, who had taken over most of the Iberian Peninsula. -
Apr 14, 1492
Discovery of America
By the end of the 15th century, land travel from Europe to Asia was almost impossible. It was difficult to avoid hostile soldiers due to the route's length and arduousness. With the help of the Catholic Kings, Colombus sailed to discover a different marine route. He arrived in America believing he had arrived in Asia and never realised.
Video
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Jun 7, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty of Tordesillas, (June 7, 1494), agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers.
video:https://youtu.be/OKyzxCNgX6Y
map:https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRmhhu_FHy_TC7HgjWyo-wkL52dMqAk4QItc-jgQgLWuORvtpzr -
Period: 1504 to 1555
Juana I of Castilla´s reign
Juana I wasqueen of Castile (from 1504) and of Aragon (from 1516), though power was exercised for her by her husband, Philip I, her father, Ferdinand II, and her son, the emperor Charles V (Charles I of Spain). She had married Philip of Burgundy and two sons, Charles, born in 1500, who succeeded as emperor and king of Spain, and Ferdinand, and four daughters, all of whom became queens..
video:https://youtu.be/ddlYsTO8bcM -
Period: Jul 10, 1509 to Mar 27, 1564
John Calvin
John Calvin was a theologian and ecclesiastical statesman. He was the leading French Protestant reformer and the most important figure in the second generation of the Protestant Reformation. The Calvinist form of Protestantism is widely thought to have had a major impact on the formation of the modern world.
video:https://youtu.be/2ivVAcg5pyI -
Period: 1516 to 1556
Carlos V´s reign
charles V was :Holy Roman emperor (1519–56), king of Spain (as Charles I; 1516–56), and archduke of Austria (as Charles I; 1519–21).He struggled to hold his empire together against the growing forces of Protestantism, increasing Ottoman and French pressure. At last he yielded, abdicating his claims to the Netherlands and Spain in favour of his son Philip II and the title of emperor to his brother Ferdinand I and retiring to a monastery.
video:https://youtu.be/Ny24BJzH9Y0 -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther 95 theses
Ninety-five Theses, propositions for debate concerned with the question of indulgences, written (in Latin) and possibly posted by Martin Luther on the door of the Schlosskirche (Castle Church), Wittenberg, on October 31, 1517. This event came to be considered the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
video:https://youtu.be/FhGGjRjvq7w -
1534
Henry VIII Act of Supremacy
In 1534 Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, thereby severing ecclesiastical links with Rome.
video:https://youtu.be/RpJe85zLnVA -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent, 19th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, held in three parts from 1545 to 1563. Prompted by the Reformation, the Council of Trent responded emphatically to the issues at hand and enacted the formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestants.
video:https://study.com/learn/lesson/council-trent-purpose-orders.html -
Period: 1556 to
Felipe II´s reign
Philip II was king of the Spaniards (1556–98) and king of the Portuguese (as Philip I, 1580–98) and champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation. During his reign the Spanish empire attained its greatest power, extent, and influence, though he failed to suppress the revolt of the Netherlands (beginning in 1566) and lost the “Invincible Armada” in the attempted invasion of England (1588).
video:https://youtu.be/wCGIftmV-gg -
Period: to
Felipe III´s reign
Philip III was king of Spain and of Portugal (as Philip II) whose reign (1598–1621) was characterized by a successful peaceful foreign policy in western Europe and internally by the expulsion of the Moriscos (Christians of Moorish ancestry) and government by the king’s favourites.
photo:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Rey_Felipe_III.jpg -
Period: to
Velázquez
Velázquez was the most important Spanish painter of the 17th century, a giant of Western art. Velázquez is universally acknowledged as one of the world’s greatest artists. The naturalistic style in which he was trained provided a language for the expression of his remarkable power of observation in portraying both the living model and still life.
video:https://youtu.be/qxJmWjFvkE4 -
Period: to
Felipe IV´s reign
Philip IV was king of Spain (1621–65) and of Portugal (1621–40), during the decline of Spain as a great world power. For the first 22 years of his reign, Philip’s valido, or chief minister, was the Conde-Duque de Olivares ambitiously attempted to restore Spanish hegemony in Europe, in close alliance with the imperial branch of the Habsburg dynasty. The Spanish armies won some conspicuous victories but France declared open war in 1635 -
Period: to
Spanish Succession War
this was a disputed succession to the throne of Spain after the death of the childless Charles II who had no offsprings.The war was primarily a struggle to determine whether the vast possessions of the Spanish Empire should pass to the House of Bourbon or to the House of Habsburg. Finally, the bourbons take over Spain.
video:https://youtu.be/lvkS3_TenSc -
Period: to
Carlos II´s reign
Charles II was king of Spain (1759–88) and king of Naples (as Charles VII, 1734–59), one of the “enlightened despots” of the 18th century, who helped lead Spain to a brief cultural and economic revival. -
Period: to
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799 and reached its first climax there in 1789—hence the conventional term “Revolution of 1789,” denoting the end of the ancien régime in France and serving also to distinguish that event from the later French revolutions of 1830 and 1848. -
bibliograph
I mostly got the information from www.britannica.com.
The links to the videos are addressed.
Other websites I have used are www.historyofspain.es, www.historia.nationalgeographic.com.es, www.rah.es, and www.openculture.com.
Some information I didn't understand, mainly words, was looked up on www.dictionary.cambridge.org or directly on the same pages with attached links.
