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Period: 753 BCE to 1453
Rome
Julius Caesar death
Empire begins
Rome at the greatest extent
Rule of Diocletian
Rule of Constantine
Split of the Roman Empire and move to Constantinople
Legalization of Christianity
First Sack of Rome
End of Western Empire
Reign of Justinian
Muslims Conquer North Africa
Missionary of St. Cyril and Methodius
End of Eastern Empire -
44 BCE
Julius Caesar death
On the 15th of March 44 BC, Julius Caesar was assassinated by his Senators which all were involved in one whole conspiracy theory that involved killing him in one place, and after being warned by his people, he didn't' believe them since he believed that no one will attack him and that everyone loved him. -
27 BCE
Roman Empire begins
During the time period of the Roman Empire, the Jews and Romans cultures began to overlap in centuries in the Christian era. Jewish communities enjoyed privileges and thrived economically, which later then became significant to the empire's population. -
117
Rome at the greatest extent
In the Beginnings of the 1st and 2nd Centuries, Rome was considered to be the largest empire through the time and counted to be the most powerful force over Europe and many other countries throughout the Middle East, Mediterraneans and West Asia Too. -
244
Rule of Diocletian
Diocletian was a Roman Emperor who worked his way throughout Military Ranks and Officer Ranks in the Roman Cavalry and throughout his work he rose to become the Emperor of Rome in 244 AD. -
306
Rule of Constantine
Constantine was also known as Constantine The Great, who was a Roman Caesar which rose to power after his father's death, his father was also a Caesar and a Deputy in the West part of Rome, Constantine served as a military officer throughout his life and advanced to become a leader. -
380
Legalization of Christianity
During the Rule of Constantine The Great, the Romans decided to accept Christianity and accept the beliefs of Christianity on 380 AD. -
395
Split of the Roman Empire and move to Constantinople
During the Constantine Rule, Constantine The Great who was the Founder of the Byzantine Empire decided to move the capital city of Rome to Byzantine City and call it the official new capital, while also spreading Rome and Dividing it to two different sides. -
410
First Sack of Rome
The First Sack of Rome is counted to be a Legend or a Myth, and legends say that one day a small young city in Rome was attacked and provoked by bandits which tried to attack them and the Romans were ready to defend. -
476
End of Western Empire
In 476 C.E. Rome Fell to Barbarian Power due to being overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer who was one of the barbaric leaders to first lead Rome ever. Which brought the glorious order of Rome over Europe for 1000 years to a complete end. -
Period: 476 to 1482
Middle Ages
Battle of Tours
Rule of Charlemagne
Magna Carta
East-West Schism
Crusades
Plague
Mongol Invasion
Viking Invasions
100 year war -
521
Reign of Justinian
Justin was a Senile in the Roman Empire which was considered as a Senate Level Official in the Roman Empire, he was appointed Consul in 521 AD and later he commanded the army in the east. Upon Justin's death on the 1st of august, 527 AD, Justinian become the new Sovereign Leader. -
647
Muslims Conquer North Africa
The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb continued the century of rapid Arab Early Muslim conquests following the death of Muhammad in 632 AD and into the Byzantine-controlled territories of Northern Africa. -
Oct 11, 732
Battle of Tours
The Battle of Tours – also called the Battle of Poitiers and, by Arab sources, the Battle of the Highway of the Martyrs – marked the victory of the Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel over the invasion forces of the Umayyad Caliphate led by Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, Governor-General of al-Andalus. -
793
Viking Invasions
Viking expansion is the process by which Norse explorers, traders and warriors, the latter known in modern scholarship as Vikings, sailed most of the North Atlantic, reaching south to North Africa and east to Russia, Constantinople and the Middle East as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries. -
816
Rule of Charlemagne
Charlemagne (c.742-814), also known as Karl and Charles the Great, was a medieval emperor who ruled much of Western Europe from 768 to 814. ... In 800, Pope Leo III (750-816) crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans. In this role, he encouraged the Carolingian Renaissance, a cultural and intellectual revival in Europe. -
863
Missionary of St. Cyril and Methodius
Saints Cyril and Methodius. ... In 862, when Prince Rostislav of Great Moravia asked Constantinople for missionaries, the emperor Michael III and the patriarch Photius named Cyril and Methodius. In 863 they started their work among the Slavs, using Slavonic in the liturgy. -
1054
East-West Schism
The East–West Schism, also called the Great Schism and the Schism of 1054, was the break of communion between what are now the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches, which had lasted until the 11th century. -
1095
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The most commonly known Crusades are the campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean aimed at recovering the Holy Land from Muslim rule, but the term "Crusades" is also applied to other church-sanctioned campaigns. -
Jun 12, 1215
Magna Carta
Magna Carta Libertatum, commonly called Magna Carta, is a charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215 -
1236
Mongol Invasion
The Mongol invasion of Europe in the 13th century was the conquest of Europe by the Mongol Empire, by way of the destruction of East Slavic principalities, such as Kiev and Vladimir. -
Period: 1300 to
Renaissance
Dante writes his epic poem the Divine Comedy.
Architect Brunelleschi designs the dome for the Florence Cathedral
Lorenzo de Medici ascends to power in Florence
William Shakespeare builds the Globe theatre. He will write many of his great plays over the next few years including Hamlet and Macbeth.
Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa
Botticelli completed the painting The Birth of Venus.
Sistine Chapel
Elizabeth I Queen of England.
The Papacy returned to Rome
invented the printing press. -
1320
Dante writes his epic poem the Divine Comedy.
Inferno is the first part of Italian writer Dante Alighieri's 14th-century epic poem Divine Comedy. It is followed by Purgatorio and Paradiso. The Inferno tells the journey of Dante through Hell, guided by the ancient Roman poet Virgil. -
1337
100-Year War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the French House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France. Each side drew many allies into the war. -
1347
Plague
The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. -
Jan 17, 1377
The Papacy returned to Rome
The most influential decision in the reign of Pope Gregory XI (1370–1378) was the return to Rome, beginning on 13 September 1376 and ending with his arrival on 17 January 1377. -
Period: Jan 1, 1401 to
Age of Exploration
Henry the Navigator sets up School of Navigation
Dias sails around southern tip of Africa
De Gama sails to India
Pedro Cabral lands on Brazil
Christopher Columbus sailed to Americas
Magellan sails around the world (or his crew does)
Cortez defeats Aztecs
Pizarro defeats Incas
da Verrazzano sailed to North America
Hudson sails to North America -
Jul 6, 1415
Jan Hus Dies
Hus had long been popular with the lay people, and his heroic death only increased his prestige. His followers came out in open rebellion, both against the Catholic church and against the German-dominated empire with which they wanted no part. Despite repeated efforts of popes and rulers to stamp out the movement, it survived as an independent church, known as the Unitas Fratrum or the Unity of the Brethren. -
1418
Henry the Navigator sets up School of Navigation
Henry is also credited with furthering knowledge of geography, mapmaking and navigation. He started a school for navigation in Sagres, at the southwestern tip of Portugal, where he employed cartographers, shipbuilders and instrument makers. It was from Lagos, near Sagres, that many of his sponsored trips began. -
1436
Architect Brunelleschi designs the dome for the Florence Cathedral
It was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style to a design of Arnolfo di Cambio and was structurally completed by 1436, with the dome designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. -
1439
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press.
Invented around 1439, Gutenberg's movable type printing press initiated nothing less than a revolution in print technology. His press allowed manuscripts to be mass-produced at relatively affordable costs. The 42-line 'Gutenberg Bible', printed around 1455, was Gutenberg's most well known printed item. -
1440
The invention of printing press
Johannes Gutenberg is usually cited as the inventor of the printing press. Indeed, the German goldsmith's 15th-century contribution to the technology was revolutionary — enabling the mass production of books and the rapid dissemination of knowledge throughout Europe -
May 29, 1453
End of Eastern Empire
On May 29, 1453, after an Ottoman army stormed Constantinople, Mehmed triumphantly entered the Hagia Sophia, which would soon be converted to the city's leading mosque. The fall of Constantinople marked the end of a glorious era for the Byzantine Empire. -
1464
Lorenzo de Medici ascends to power in Florence
Lorenzo de' Medici (Italian pronunciation: [loˈrɛntso de ˈmɛːditʃi], 1 January 1449 – 8 April 1492) was an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. ... He is buried in the Medici Chapel in Florence. -
Aug 15, 1483
Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope, in Vatican City. Originally known as the Cappella Magna, the chapel takes its name from Pope Sixtus IV, who restored it between 1477 and 1480. -
1486
Botticelli completed the painting The Birth of Venus.
The Birth of Venus is a painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli probably made in the mid 1480s. It depicts the goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her birth, when she had emerged from the sea fully-grown. The painting is in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. -
1488
Dias sails around southern tip of Africa
Bartolomeu Dias (/ˈdiːəs/; Portuguese: [baɾtuluˈmew ˈdi.ɐʃ]; Anglicized: Bartholomew Diaz; c. 1450 – 29 May 1500), a nobleman of the Portuguese royal household, was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, the first to do so, setting up the route from Europe to Asia later on. -
Aug 3, 1492
Christopher Columbus sailed to Americas
Christopher Columbus Discovers America, 1492. Columbus led his three ships - the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria - out of the Spanish port of Palos on August 3, 1492. His objective was to sail west until he reached Asia (the Indies) where the riches of gold, pearls and spice awaited. -
1497
De Gama sails to India
The discovery of the sea route to India is the description sometimes used in Europe and among the Portuguese for the first recorded trip made directly from Europe to India via the Atlantic Ocean. It was undertaken under the command of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama during the reign of King Manuel I in 1497–1499. -
1500
Pedro Cabral lands on Brazil
It depicts Pedro Álvares Cabral, leader of the Portuguese expedition that discovered the land that would later be known as Brazil in 1500. Pedro Álvares Cabral was a Portuguese explorer who is credited with discovering Brazil in South America. He landed near present-day Bahia off the eastern coast of South America. -
1503
Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.
The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world". -
1509
King Henry VIII
Henry VIII was King of England from 1509 until his death. Henry was the second Tudor monarch, succeeding his father, Henry VII. Henry is best known for his six marriages, in particular his efforts to have his first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, annulled. -
1511
Erasmus published The Praise of Folly
In Praise of Folly, also translated as The Praise of Folly, is an essay written in Latin in 1509 by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam and first printed in June 1511. -
Period: 1517 to
Reformation
Jan Hus Dies
Erasmus published The Praise of Folly
The invention of printing press
Martin Luther nails 95 Theses
King Henry VIII
Start of Counter-Reformation
30 Years War
Peace of Westphalia -
Nov 10, 1517
Martin Luther nails 95 Theses
Acting on this belief, he wrote the “Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences,” also known as “The 95 Theses,” a list of questions and propositions for debate. Popular legend has it that on October 31, 1517 Luther defiantly nailed a copy of his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church. -
Sep 1, 1519
Magellan sails around the world (or his crew does)
Magellan's Crew Sails.. Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese sea captain. In September 1519, he set sail on an expedition for Spain. The purpose of his voyage was to reach Asia by sailing around the Americas. -
1524
Da Verrazano sailed to North America
The Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni da Verrazano (ca. 1485-ca. 1528) made a voyage to North America in 1524-1525, in the service of France, during which he explored and charted the Atlantic coast of North America. -
Aug 23, 1525
Cortez defeats Aztecs
The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, or the Spanish–Aztec War, was the conquest of the Aztec Empire by the Spanish Empire within the context of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. It was one of the most significant and complex events in world history. -
1543
Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory
Copernican heliocentrism is the name given to the astronomical model developed by Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543. It positioned the Sun near the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular paths modified by epicycles and at uniform speeds. -
1545
Start of Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation (Latin: Contrareformatio), also called the Catholic Reformation (Latin: Reformatio Catholica) or the Catholic Revival,[1] was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, beginning with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and ending with the 1781 Patent of Toleration. -
Period: 1550 to
Scientific Revolution
Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory
The invention of the microscope
Galileo studies planets with his telescope
Galileo was warned by the Catholic Church
Kepler discovered elliptical orbits
Bacon published Novum Organum -
Nov 17, 1558
Elizabeth I became Queen of England.
Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last of the five monarchs of the House of Tudor. -
1572
Pizarro defeats Incas
The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, commonly known as the Spanish conquest of Peru, was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. -
The invention of the microscope
When the microscope was invented around 1590, suddenly we saw a new world of living things in our water, in our food and under our nose. But it's unclear who invented the microscope. Some historians say it was Hans Lippershey, most famous for filing the first patent for a telescope. -
Period: to
Enlightenment
Hobbes publishes Leviathan
John Locke publishes Two Treatises of Government
Montesquieu published The Spirit of Laws
Voltaire publishes Candide
Beccaria published On Crimes and Punishments
American Revolution
French Revolution -
Galileo studies planets with his telescope
He subsequently used his newly invented telescope to discover four of the moons circling Jupiter, to study Saturn, to observe the phases of Venus, and to study sunspots on the Sun. Galileo's observations strengthened his belief in Copernicus' theory that Earth and all other planets revolve around the Sun. -
Hudson sails to North America
Hudson is thought to have spent many years at sea, beginning as a cabin boy and gradually working his way up to ship's captain. -
William Shakespeare builds the Globe theatre. He will write many of his great plays over the next few years including Hamlet and Macbeth.
William Shakespeare wrote some of the most famous plays in the world. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and Macbeth are among his best known works. Many of his plays were performed at the original Globe Theatre, a short distance from here. It burnt down in 1613, during a performance of Henry VIII. -
Galileo was warned by the Catholic Church
Galileo was ordered to turn himself in to the Holy Office to begin trial for holding the belief that the Earth revolves around the Sun, which was deemed heretical by the Catholic Church. Standard practice demanded that the accused be imprisoned and secluded during the trial. -
30 Years War
The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. One of the most destructive conflicts in human history, it resulted in eight million fatalities not only from military engagements but also from violence, famine, and plague. -
Kepler discovered elliptical orbits
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion. While Copernicus rightly observed that the planets revolve around the Sun, it was Kepler who correctly defined their orbits. ... Brahe believed in a model of the Universe with the Sun (rayed disk) orbiting the Earth (black dot), but the other planets (symbols) orbiting the Sun. -
Bacon published Novum Organum
The Novum Organum, fully Novum Organum Scientiarum, is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon, written in Latin and published in 1620. The title is a reference to Aristotle's work Organon, which was his treatise on logic and syllogism. -
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster, largely ending the European wars of religion. -
Hobbes publishes Leviathan
Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil—commonly referred to as Leviathan—is a book written by Thomas Hobbes and published in 1651. Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. -
John Locke publishes Two Treatises of Government
The Latter Is an Essay Concerning The True Original, Extent, and End of Civil Government) is a work of political philosophy published anonymously in 1689 by John Locke. -
Montesquieu published The Spirit of Laws
The Spirit of the Laws is a treatise on political theory, as well as a pioneering work in comparative law, published in 1748 by Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu. -
Voltaire publishes Candide
Candide, ou l'Optimisme is a French satire first published in 1759 by Voltaire, a philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment. The novella has been widely translated, with English versions titled Candide: or, All for the Best; Candide: or, The Optimist; and Candide: Optimism. -
Beccaria published On Crimes and Punishments
On Crimes and Punishments, is a treatise written by Cesare Beccaria in 1764. The treatise condemned torture and the death penalty and was a founding work in the field of penology. -
American Revolution
The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War in alliance with France and others. -
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies beginning in 1789.
