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Romanticism
At the end of the 18th century, the Enlightenment idea in Europe had a major move called romanticism. It was the idea of nature and thoughts and feelings of other individuals. They basically had the enjoyment of nature itself, and also focused on the things that are supernatural, horrifying and exotic. It also promoted radical change and democracy in places in Europe. They focused mainly in arts, such as music, poetry, and paintings. They were the arts that were able to catch the emotion of it. -
Haitian Revolution
The colony Saint Domingue, now known as Haiti, was the first Latin America territory to free itself from European rule. It was also the first black colony to free itself from European control. Toussaint L'Ouverture, the general that freed the slaves, finally took over the island in 1801, and freed all of the African slaves. He believed that being under European control was bad. They fought for their freedom and independence, and they finally declared it an independent country in January 1,1804. -
Mexican War of Independence
Mexico's first run towards independence was in the year 1810. Padre Miguel Hidalgo, the person that started the run towards it, was a priest in the small village from Dolores with Enlightenment ideas. He had the idea to start a war with Mexico City, which they lost in 1811. However, their events soon changed in 1820, which is the year when liberal groups started taking place. Mexico's creoles feared that they will lose their privileged, and helped Mexico to gain their independence from Spain. -
Latin American Wars of Independence (North, Simon Bolivar)
Simon Bolivar, the man that reached the independence goal, helped the North achieving their wish for independence. Before achieving independence, he had many defeats with the volunteers in his army. However, it all changed in August 1819. He conquered what today is Colombia, and only did it with 2,000 soldiers, compared to the sizes of other armies. He also took on Spain's army by surprise, and won by surprise. By 1821, Simon Bolivar gained the independence they were looking for in Venezuela. -
Latin American Wars of Independence (South, San Martin)
San Martin, another leader that help Bolivar with his accomplishments, was a man that almost did what Bolivar did for the North. He first acquired the independence of Argentina, in the year of 1816. He freed Chile with the help of Bernardo O'Higgins, and continued to try doing the same actions during his run for independence. When trying to do the same moves he was doing before, he realized he needed more troops. He met with Bolivar and gave him control of his army for his run for independence. -
Brazilian Independence
Prince Jones helped Brazil gain their independence by planning about making a colony once again. However, many people did not want this to happen. They hated the idea of going back to being a colony. Especially the creoles on Brazil, they did not think it was a great idea to do such action. About eight thousand other creoles signed a petition asking for independence. Of course it was not as easy to get independence. Brazil finally won independence after a bloody revolution in September 7, 1822. -
Greek Revolution
The cause of independence in Greek was known all around the world. Russians, for example, followed some things in the Greek Orthodox, and they would feel the same way as the Greeks. They all decided to make a large group and defeat the Ottoman empire together. The support for Greece was very popular, so they had a high chance of it happening. They combined in the year 1827, and they destroyed the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Navarino. In 1830, all the countries that combined signed a treaty. -
Italian Unification
Italy was not an easy country to get the unification they wanted back in the mid-1800's. One of the reasons was because it was located in Europe, where a lot of countries located in Europe as well had others holding back from their independence. However, with the help of many people, two including Camillo di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi, they reached their goal. As they took over the city of Rome, they acquired their independence. It was in the year 1861 that they had their unification. -
German Unification
Germany had a tough time getting everyone on the same page and creating a unification for Germany. They had trouble with Prussia, which had a large advantage to if they had ever gone to war. Prussia was larger in everything, size, soldiers, anything possible that would destroy Germany. It helped Prussia go and join together to make a strong German state. Bismarck, the man who united Germany, had to take control to make it happen. They had to fight wars and with Prussia expanding it was easy.
