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The Fredonian Rebellion
On November 22, 1826, the rebellion began with a group of thirty-six men who arrested the local authorities, and took over the Old Stone Fort in Nacogdoches to use as a headquarters. This rebellion was caused due to disputes between Edwards and the established settlers living in the Nacogdoches area began soon after Edwards arrived when he demanded that all settlers produce titles for their lands. -
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Declaration of Independence signed
On December 21, 1826, the rebels signed their own Declaration of Independence from Mexico. Unfortunately for the rebels, Indian assistance never materialized, and with the militia and Mexican troops closing in, both the cause and the fort were abandoned by the end of January 1827. -
Law of April 6, 1830
As a result, of the Fredonian Rebellion the Mexican government felt something needed to be done. During the rebellion Teran found that the state was rapidly becoming “Americanized.” In response, the Mexican government passed the Law of April 6, 1830, which was designed to reverse these trends. Instead, the law greatly angered Anglo colonists, and paved the way for the coming Texas Revolution. -
The Start of the Texas Revolution
Between October 1835 and April 1836, a group of mostly American-born residents of the Mexican province of Texas rebelled against the government of Mexico and ultimately declared Texas to be an independent republic. As Texan's rebellion took root in the fall of 1835, Mexico’s experienced military commander, Antonio López de Santa Anna, led a Mexican army of several thousand troops to Texas to quell the resistance. -
Texas Revolution
In February of 1836, as the Mexican army approached, the Texian militia took over the Alamo, an abandoned Spanish mission in present-day San Antonio, where they defended themselves against the army’s siege. Ultimately, the vastly outnumbered Texians were defeated and nearly everyone inside the Alamo was killed. -
Consitution Republic of Texas
By March of 1836, Texas convention members adopted a Declaration of Independence and established a Constitution for the Republic of Texas. The Texan army, led by Sam Houston, met the Mexican army in a decisive victory at the Battle of San Jacinto in April of 1836. The Republic of Texas adopted a government based on that of the United States. -
Annexation
Texans vote on new government officers, national constitution, and the question of annexation to the United States. Vote overwhelmingly in favor of annexation. -
Battle of San Jacinto
Battle of San Jacinto. Victory over Mexican army and capture of General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna on the following day achieves de facto Texas independence. -
Resolution
Resolution to recognize Texas introduced in the U.S. Senate. -
Recognition of the Republic of Texas
U.S. recognizes the Republic of Texas, the last act of the Jackson Presidency. -
Restoration of Freedom
Santa Anna, home in Mexico, renounces all guarantees made to the Republic of Texas as a condition to his restoration of freedom. -
Prohibit of Annexation of Texas
U.S. Secretary of State reports that treaty agreements with Mexico prohibit the U.S.'s annexing Texas -
Offer of Annexation
Texas minister to the United States presents U.S. government a formal offer from the Republic of Texas to annex itself to the United States. -
Resolution
Senator William C. Preston introduces a resolution for a tripartite treaty between the U.S./Mexico/Texas in the U.S. Senate. JUNE 14 -
Rejection of Annexation
Texas withdraws the offer of annexation because of the U.S. Congress' lack of action on the proposal. -
Resolution
Texas Congress passes joint resolution approving of President Sam Houston's withdrawal of annexation proposal. -
Commerce Treaty
U.S. Senate passes a proposed commerce treaty with the Republic of Texas. However, the Senate's amendment of the original treaty terms causes the Texas Congress to reject the final version of the treaty. -
Proclamation
Sam Houston issues proclamation declaring armistice between Mexico and Texas. -
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Question of Annexation
President Houston submits annexation question to Texas Congress, then instructs minister to the U.S. to resume annexation talks. An annexation treaty between the U.S. and Texas signed between the two diplomats. U.S. Senate rejects the treaty, 35 to 16. U.S. Senate votes to table the Benton Annexation Bill. -
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Joint Resolution to Annex Texas
JANUARY 25
Joint Resolution to annex Texas passes the U.S. House of Representatives. FEBRUARY 27
Joint Resolution, with amendments to be voted on by the House, passes U.S. Senate 27 to 25. FEBRUARY 28
House adopts Senate version of the joint resolution to annex the Republic of Texas 132 to 76. MARCH 1
President Tyler signs annexation resolution. MARCH 3
Annexation offer sent to Texas president Anson Jones. -
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Guaranteeing Texas Independence
MAY 19
Cuevas-Smith treaty between Mexico and Texas signed guaranteeing Texas independence so long as it remains a separate republic. JUNE 16
Texas Congress meets in special session to consider both the proposed Mexican treaty and the annexation resolution from the U.S. Congress. U.S. offer accepted. JULY 4
Convention meets to consider both the Mexican treaty and the U.S. annexation resolution. U.S. offer accepted by Convention. -
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Texas 28th State
OCTOBER 13
Annexation ordinance and state constitution submitted to the Texas voters for approval. DECEMBER 16
U.S. House votes to annex Texas by Joint Resolution, 141 to 58, 21 abstaining. DECEMBER 22
U.S. Senate approves joint resolution for the admission of Texas as a state 31 to 14, 7 abstaining. DECEMBER 29
President Polk signs the Joint Resolution. Texas officially the 28th state on this date.
