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Period: 1091 to 1296
The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between the Christians and Muslims. The war started to secure and control holy sites that were considered "sacred" by both of the groups. -
1096
The First Crusade
In august 1096, Four armies of Crusaders were formed from troops of different Western European regions.In May 1097, the Crusaders and their Byzantine allies attacked Nicea, now known as Iznik, Turkey. -
1147
The Second Crusade
After the first crusade they felt they succeeded in their goal, so most crusaders departed home. "To govern the conquered territory, those who remained established four large western settlements, or Crusader states, in Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch and Tripoli." -
1187
The Third Crusade
The third crusade was based upon the western European Christians in an attempt to retake the Crusader states in the Levant that had fallen to Muslim leader Saladin in 1187 as a result of his victory in the Battle of Hattin. -
1347
The Caffan Ship
As a Caffan ship docks I Sicily, the plague killed half of the population and moved to Messina. One third of the population ended up dead by the following summer -
Period: 1347 to 1352
The Black Death
The Black Death was, a very fast spreading and deadly disease, better known as the "Bubonic Plague". the disease killed many many people. -
1349
The Massacres Of The Jews
One of the worst massacres of Jews during the Black Death took place on Valentine’s Day in Strasbourg, with about 2,000 Jewish people being burned alive. In the spring, 3,000 Jews defend themselves in Mainz against Christians but are overcome and slaughtered. -
1352
The Outcome Of Black Death
Nearly 700 years after the Black Death swept through Europe, it still haunts the world as the worst-case scenario for an epidemic. The disease went untreated for a very long time and wiped out about 50 percent of Europe. -
Period: 1400 to 1495
Early Renaissance
The Early Renaissance was the beginning of many new discoveries in science, new art forms in writing, painting, and sculpture, and state funded explorations of distant lands. -
1403
The 15th Century
The beginning of the 15th century, around 1403. Leonardo Bruni offered his Panegyric to the City of Florence, describing a city where freedom of speech, self-government, and equality reigned. -
Period: 1434 to
Age Of Exploration
The Age of Exploration, is a term given to the period of European exploration in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. -
1452
Leonardo da Vinci
In 1452, the artist, humanist, scientist, and naturalist Leonardo da Vinci was born. Leonardo grew up to invent many things such as, the flying machine, the parachute and the revolving bridge. -
1492
The 16th Century
The last quarter of the 16th century witnessed an explosion of important sailing discoveries in the Age of Exploration. Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, and Columbus reached the Bahamas in 1492. -
1492
Christopher Columbus lands in the Caribbean
Spain decided to finance Christopher Columbus' voyage to find a western trade route to Asia. Columbus lands in the Caribbean in 1492, convinced he has reached East Asia. -
Jun 7, 1494
Portugal claims Brazil.
In the Treaty of Tordesillas, Portugal claimed Brazil and issued grants of land to Portuguese nobles. European settlers moved to Brazil to farm brazilwood and sugar. -
1496
The Facts Of The High Renaissance
The High Renaissance was centered in Rome, and lasted from about 1490 to 1527, with the end of the period marked by the Sack of Rome. Painters during this period were influenced by classical art, and their works were harmonious. -
Period: 1496 to 1527
High Renaissance
The High Renaissance was known as the period in the overall Renaissance in Europe as having reached the pinnacle, or zenith, of artistic works created. -
1504
The Mona Lisa
Leonardo da Vinci started painting the Mona Lisa in around 1503 or 1504 in the Italian city, The project took Leonardo about 4 years according to his biographer. -
Aug 24, 1511
Portugal seizes Malacca
After da Gama's success in setting up a trading post, the Portuguese began to capture key ports around the Indian Ocean. In 1511 they seized Malacca, which allowed them to ally with Asian leaders and establish a major foothold in Asian trade routes. -
Period: 1517 to 1555
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s. -
Oct 31, 1517
The Beginning Of The Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517, when Martin Luther, a teacher and a monk, published a document he called Disputation on the Power of Indulgences, better known as 95 Theses. -
1527
The Fall Of Rome
The Renaissance ended with the fall of Rome in 1527. The strains between Christian faith and Classical humanism led to Mannerism in the latter part of the 16th century. -
Period: 1527 to
Late Renaissance
The Late Renaissance, often also called the Mannerist period, is characterized by artworks that typically took other works of art as models. -
1545
Renaissance Creativity
Many Renaissance thinkers feared being too bold, which slowed down the creativity. "Furthermore, in 1545, the Council of Trent established the Roman Inquisition, which made humanism and any views that challenged the Catholic church an act of heresy punishable by death." -
1550
The Importance Of The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution led to the creation of new knowledge systems, social hierarchies, and networks of thinkers. It also affected production and distribution. -
Period: 1550 to
Scientific Revolution
This is considered to be the first great modern work of science and the foundation of modern biology. -
Mannerism
Mannerism is a sixteenth century style of art and design characterized by artificiality, elegance and sensuous distortion of the human figure. -
Separatists
Around 1607, some of the separatists tried to start the new lives they imagined in Holland, in the Netherlands. It eventually failed and many of the separatists returned to England. -
Messenger Of The Heavens
Galileo Published Messenger Of The Heavens Galileo's 24-page booklet describing his telescopic observations of the moon's surface, and of Jupiter's moons, making the Church uneasy. -
The Significance Of The Renaissance
The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic. Following the Middle Ages, Generally described as taking place from the 14th century to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art. -
English Separatist
By 1620 members of the English Separatist Church were ready for a second try at establishing a new life and church. Many set sail aboard the "Mayflower" for New England and when they landed, they eventually became known as pilgrims. -
The Cause Of The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was caused by a shift in the way people viewed the world and its future. These shifts included the willingness to accept our own ignorance, an emphasis on math and observation, the desire for imperial dominance, and the new belief in progress.