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1247
Scientific Method/Roger Bacon
Roger Bacon was the first person to try and incorporate scientific reasoning into the scientific method. The scientific method has existed in different iterations, but he modified it. He didn't contribute a large amount to the scientific community, it was more about his methods that he used, and that other people learned from them. 1247 is the year he started doing scientific research, and when he would develop his methods. EnterLink text -
Period: 1347 to
The Black Death
The Black Death was a plague that gave people boils and lots of other horrible symptoms. Its spread was helped by new trade routes. It killed off enough of the peasants that the rest could have better lives, since they would be more valuable and have some time for leisure, which would be a good time for a Renaissance to happen.
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Period: 1400 to 1500
Peasant Food
In the 15th century the main foods were pretty bland. They'd eat watery vegetable soup, and have burnt bread with about every meal. This was the food most easily available to them, unlike meat. Fish is something that people who lived closer to shores could have. They also drank lots of ale because their water was filthy. EnterLink text pic EnterLink text -
1440
David by Donatello
This sculpture was of David, and he has the head of Goliath at his feet. The Medicis were Donatello's patrons when he was making this. It was a symbol of the Medici's power, that they could have something like this, and it even brought up controversy that they had it. EnterLink text
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1445
Palazzo Medici was built
Cosimo de Medici was a patron of the arts, and architecture was one of his main things he funded. The Palazzo Medici was something that he wanted, so he had Michelozzo design it, and construction started in 1445 Enter Link text -
1450
Movable type was invented
Johannes Gutenberg invented the movable type printing press in about 1450. It used a special ink and wood block letters that could be moved to make different pages. His only book that he made was the Bible, and it made them a lot more readily available. People would become literate (and empowered), and more people would realize they needed glasses. EnterLink text -
1465
John Tetzel's birth
John Tetzel was a friar in the Catholic Church. He was basically a salesman for indulgences (tickets to heaven) for the Catholic Church. These existed before the Reformation, and were a main source of income. EnterLink text -
Period: 1478 to 1492
Lorenzo de Medici
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1480
Giuliano de Medici Portrait
This portrait of Giuliano was done by Sandro Botticelli, and the Medicis were patrons to him mostly because he was really good at portraits, which they really liked. He lived a lifestyle like that because the Medicis were rich enough to give a person their whole livelihood because they make stuff that looks good. Enter Link text -
1498
The Last Supper was finished
Leonardo da Vinci was the painter of The Last Supper. He was a person with lots of ideas and inventions, and was a person who embodied what the Renaissance man should have been like. Enter Link text -
1505
Martin Luther became a monk
During a thunderstorm, Martin Luther vowed that if God saved him, he would become a monk. He went to the Order of the Hermits at St. Augustine to carry out his vow, and actually gave up a very profitable career in medicine, theology, or law, to do this. EnterLink text -
1508
School of Athens was finished
The fresco "The School of Athens" was completed by Raphael in 1508. It was on the larger side of the Vatican. It depicted a lot of non-church related knowledge, which was part of the movement of the humanities and worldly knowledge, and not necessarily having everything be about the church anymore. EnterLink text -
1513
The Prince was written
The Prince was written in 1513 by Niccolo Machiavelli. It was the first book to be considered a political science book. The main theme was that princes should be good when possible, but evil when necessary, and that the main goal of a prince was to do what's best for their state, not for morals. Leaders would read this, and change to it, if they thought it made sense. EnterLink text -
1513
Pope Leo's election
Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici was elected to be the Pope on March 11th, after Julius II's death. He was peaceful, which contrasted with Julius. He didn't take Martin Luther's Reformation very seriously, and that helped lead to the end of the western part of the church. He restored the holiness of the Pope, and sped up the building of St. Peter's Basilica. EnterLink text -
1514
Copernicus sent out "Little Commentary"
Nicolas Copernicus distributed his manuscript that was called "Little Commentary" on 1514, and it's main points were that
The Universe does not have a center
The Earth is not the center
From the Earth to the Sun is a tiny distance compared to stars
The stars seem to move because the Earth rotates
The Earth revolves around the Sun to make years
The reverse movement from other planets is because the Earth is moving.
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1517
St. Peter's Basilica's funding
Pope Leo did a pretty great job at using all of the money in the church funds lavishly. So, when he needed to have money to make the St. Peter's Basilica, he told everybody that donated to the building, that they would be cleared from all sin, and they wouldn't go to purgatory. EnterLink text -
1517
Martin Luther posts his 95 theses
On Halloween of 1517, Martin Luther put his 95 theses, or arguments about what is wrong with the church. They were mostly about how indulgences were not right, and that corruption was happening in the church. EnterLink text -
1522
Martin's Bible was printed
Martin wanted to make a Bible that the people could read, and be accurate. He translated the Bible from the straight Hebrew and Greek, instead of Latin. It was distributed very quickly since it could be printed very quickly from the printing press. EnterLink text -
1541
The Last Judgement was finished
In 1541 Michelangelo finished "The Last Judgement". It was a painting that depicts scenes from Revelation. This painting was done for Pope Paul III, and was painted on a wall at the end of the Sistine Chapel. It's important because it was part of the Catholic Counter-Reformation, where the Church revitalized itself against Luther and the Protestants. EnterLink text -
1567
Claudio Monteverdi's birth
Claudio was an Italian composer, and his music became part of Renaissance daily life for nobles and the rich. Dancing was an important part of their lives, since it was a measure of how sophisticated one was, and was also a major factor in courtship for teenagers getting married. People had music that they would dance to, and now it wasn't just for performers and entertainers. EnterLink text -
Romeo and Juliet was written
Romeo and Juliet was written in 1595 by William Shakespeare. It had lots of characters in classes that existed during the renaissance. The story is something that some nobles might have found relatable, and it was also played to them. EnterLink text -
Galileo's Telescope was invented
Galileo invented his telescope in 1609, and based it off of 3x power telescopes. He used it to prove Copernicus's theory right. He also "upgraded" it to one that had 20x power. Other scientists could use this. p.s. Copernicus's didn't have enough room- His theory made the Church have less power, since it disproved them. EnterLink text -
First Pendulum Clock
Christian Huygens made the first pendulum clack in 1656. It used a swinging pendulum that made gears turn to measure time. It was very accurate, so people would know what time things happen, so this would be the beginning of people living by the clock, and industry happening. EnterLink text -
Paradise lost was written by John Milton
In 1667 John Milton wrote Paradise Lost, which was considered to be one of the greatest poems. It's ditribution was helped by the printing press. It was written in 10 and 12 separate books. More people were literate than in the Middle Ages now, so they could read it. EnterLink text
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Edmund Halley discovered difference between magnetic North and true North
Edmund Halley had been commissioned by England's Royal Society and the Admiralty to see if there were differences between magnetic and true North. He made the world's first isogonic chart, and it helped the Navy a lot. EnterLink text
